. The London, Edinburgh and Dublin philosophical magazine and journal of science. ma molecule. In an investigation of the nature of dielectriccapacity (Phil. Mag. [6] xix. 1910, p. 1) the molecule wastreated as made of pairs of opposite electrons, each pairhaving an electric moment ea. The sum of the componentsof ea parallel to the axis of electrization of the whole atomor molecule forms es. For the maintenance of this state ofaffairs we must imagine each pair of electrons in motion 204 Mr. W. Sutherland on Molecular round the axis of electrization. If we imagine the axes ofmagnetization and o
. The London, Edinburgh and Dublin philosophical magazine and journal of science. ma molecule. In an investigation of the nature of dielectriccapacity (Phil. Mag. [6] xix. 1910, p. 1) the molecule wastreated as made of pairs of opposite electrons, each pairhaving an electric moment ea. The sum of the componentsof ea parallel to the axis of electrization of the whole atomor molecule forms es. For the maintenance of this state ofaffairs we must imagine each pair of electrons in motion 204 Mr. W. Sutherland on Molecular round the axis of electrization. If we imagine the axes ofmagnetization and of rotation in the Earth to coincide, itwill furnish a large mechanical model of the pair of electrons,magnetization replacing electrization. The pair of electronsis a gyrostat electrized parallel to the axis of rotation. Theelectrons of a pair do not move round one another in a plane,but each may be treated on the averageas moving in a plane atright angles to the axis of electrization. The figure illustratesthe conception. PN is the axis of electrization, the positive Tier. electron moving in a circle round P as centre in the directionshown by an arrow, and the negative electron round components of the attraction between # and \> alongP# and Nfc> keep # and \> in their circular orbits, while thecomponents of the attraction along NP equilibrate the forcesacting on # and \} on account of the electric field of thewhole molecule parallel to NP. The length of NP is rotational motions of these electric gyrostats may haveto be considered in other connexions, but at present themotion postulated suffices. The independence of electricmoment in the molecules of the element gases both of tem-perature and density indicates that P# and Np are smallcompared with NP, and that the rotatory energy of a pairof electrons is a constant like its electric moment. Probablythe same statements apply to compounds, the change associatedwith the replacing of v in the attractional
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