. Every boy's book of railways and steamships . riods of theday. This particular engine, however, has beenconverted into a goods engine (0-8-0), as itsweight was too great a strain upon some of thesuburban bridges. In another direction the Great Eastern havetried an experiment of unusual interest, viz. oilfuel engines. In some parts of the world, notablythe Baku region of Russia, and Burma, wherepetroleum is abundant and coal either scarce orentirely absent, locomotives consume petroleum,which is sprayed into the fire-box. Now the GreatEastern is not in easy communication with anyof our coalfi
. Every boy's book of railways and steamships . riods of theday. This particular engine, however, has beenconverted into a goods engine (0-8-0), as itsweight was too great a strain upon some of thesuburban bridges. In another direction the Great Eastern havetried an experiment of unusual interest, viz. oilfuel engines. In some parts of the world, notablythe Baku region of Russia, and Burma, wherepetroleum is abundant and coal either scarce orentirely absent, locomotives consume petroleum,which is sprayed into the fire-box. Now the GreatEastern is not in easy communication with anyof our coalfields, and hence it was that the com-pany decided to utilize some of the waste oilproducts that are left from the manufacture qioil gas, which was used by the Great Eastern fortrain lighting. The experiment was a success, anddoubtless the Great Eastern at least would havegone in largely for liquid fuel. It was not to be,however, for the rapid increase in motor-cars sentup the price of suitable oil and made liquid firingmore expensive than 1. WELWYN VIADUCT. 2. WOODHEAD TUNNEL. CHAPTER YI HOW A RAILWAY IS WORKED Part I IN the construction of a railway the exact routeis only decided after the most careful survey-ing of the country that the line is meant toserve. The surveyors seek for level tracts or theeasiest gradients that the configuration of the landwill allow. Embankments or viaducts have to bethrown across valleys, rivers and roads have tobe bridged, and hills must be pierced, and as theseworks always cost a great deal of money they areavoided wherever possible. For example, where ariver is winding, perhaps a curve will save thenecessity of a second bridge, but very often it isessential to bridge the same stream at severaldifferent points. Tunnelling is even more expensive, for theengineers often miscalculate the character of theground that has to be pierced. Kilsby Tunnelwas estimated to cost £99,000, but it ran into£300,000 before it was completed. Box Tunnel 8i
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