. A practical treatise on fractures and dislocations. , 1871, quoted by Ham-ilton. * Wolfenstein : Allg. Wiener med. Ztg., 1873, No. 44, quoted bv Poinsot. 5 Gross: Surgery, 6th ed., vol. i. p. 1132. 6 Bennett: Dublin Journal of the Medical Sciences, 1879, i. p. 441. 7 Mulvany : Lancet, 1882, i. p. 432. 8 Blodgett: New York Medical Journal, 1883, vol. xxxviii. p. 34. 9 Stoner: The Physc. and Surg., October, 1889. 526 DISLOCATIONS. second, third, fourth, and fifth ribs on the same side, and of the secondto the ninth ribs on the right side. The perichondrium with theattached ligaments was stripp


. A practical treatise on fractures and dislocations. , 1871, quoted by Ham-ilton. * Wolfenstein : Allg. Wiener med. Ztg., 1873, No. 44, quoted bv Poinsot. 5 Gross: Surgery, 6th ed., vol. i. p. 1132. 6 Bennett: Dublin Journal of the Medical Sciences, 1879, i. p. 441. 7 Mulvany : Lancet, 1882, i. p. 432. 8 Blodgett: New York Medical Journal, 1883, vol. xxxviii. p. 34. 9 Stoner: The Physc. and Surg., October, 1889. 526 DISLOCATIONS. second, third, fourth, and fifth ribs on the same side, and of the secondto the ninth ribs on the right side. The perichondrium with theattached ligaments was stripped clean off. The dislocation was reducedby direct pressure and did not recur; it must be remembered, however,in connection with this, that the corresponding rib was broken. In the single case of backward dislocation (Mulvany) the patientwas a boy fifteen years old, who while steering a ship in a heavy stormwas thrown violently across the deck by a wave and struck upon theback of his left shoulder against the deck-house. The second, third, Fig. Dislocation forward of the third to the sixth costal cartilages from the sternum, and of the first rib backward. and fourth left cartilages were displaced backward behind the sternum,and the sternal end of the right clavicle was dislocated could be effected by drawing the shoulders backward, butthe displacement immediately recurred when the traction ceased. Thepatient was kept upon his back for eighteen days, and the deformitywas then found to have been much diminished. In two months hewas again at work. Usually there has been sharp local pain at the moment of the acci-dent, subsequently excited by movements of the thorax and by localpressure. In one case (Mulvany) there was slight recurrent haemoptysis. The recognition of the injury appears always to have been easy, by DISLOCATIONS OF RIBS AND COSTAL CARTILAGES. 521 attention to the difference in level between the cartilage and thesternum, [n only one case (Wolfe


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