chinese coolies Havana outlawed Slave Trade slavery Cooly Kuli Quli Koelie labour workforse tools traditional clothes job work
Coolie (variously spelled Cooly, Kuli, Quli, Koelie etc.) is: A historical term for manual labourers from Asia, particularly China and India, in the 19th century and early 20th century. A contemporary racial slur for people of Asian descent, including people from India, Central Asia, etc The term coolie was applied to workers from Asia, especially those who were sent abroad to most of the Americas, to Oceania and the Pacific Islands, and to Africa (especially South Africa and islands like Mauritius and Réunion). It was also applied within Asian areas under European control such as Sri Lanka, Malaysia, Shanghai and Hong Kong. Slavery had been widespread in the British empire, but social and political pressure led to its being outlawed by the Slave Trade Act 1807; within a few decades, many other European nations had outlawed slavery. But the highly intensive colonial labour on sugar cane or cotton plantations, in mines or railways, required cheap manpower. Experiments were carried with Malagasy, Japanese, Breton or Congolese laborers.[citation needed] Ultimately the "ideal coolies"[citation needed] were the Indians, shipped to many Indian Ocean islands, East and South Africa, Fiji, Guyana, Martinique, Trinidad, Jamaica,Grenada, to name only some of the lands where taylorization was applied as a means of increasing productivity worldwide. Chinese coolies were also sent to the New World. They worked in guano pits in Peru, in sugar cane fields in Cuba and built the railways in the United States and British Columbia. Hugh Tinker called the coolie trade "a new form of slavery"[
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