. Commercial fisheries review. Fisheries; Fish trade. 56 GOMMaRGIAL FISHERIES R3VISW Vol. 11, No. 10 Turkey SPONGE PRO";UGTICN AND TRADE: Production: Turkey's present and potential production of sponges is handicapped by two factors: 1. Sponge-fishing boat owners have insufficient financial means from off-seasonal activities to prepare properly for the fishing season. 2. There are insufficient firms having the required personnel for the processing and exportation of Turkish sponges to permit healthy competition to flourish. Under tnese circumstances, sponge fishers find themselves obliged
. Commercial fisheries review. Fisheries; Fish trade. 56 GOMMaRGIAL FISHERIES R3VISW Vol. 11, No. 10 Turkey SPONGE PRO";UGTICN AND TRADE: Production: Turkey's present and potential production of sponges is handicapped by two factors: 1. Sponge-fishing boat owners have insufficient financial means from off-seasonal activities to prepare properly for the fishing season. 2. There are insufficient firms having the required personnel for the processing and exportation of Turkish sponges to permit healthy competition to flourish. Under tnese circumstances, sponge fishers find themselves obliged to dispose of their produce through a limited number of concerns holding the market under a virtual monopoly, which prevents the development of the industry and market, according to a March 19 report from the American Consulate General at Istanbul. Over-all sponge production for the year 1943, ex- cluding low grade "sharta" sponges, amounted to 31 metric tons as against some 29 tons for the previous year (see table). Estimated Turkish Sponge Production. 1948 Type i^uantily Turkish cups .... " solids .. Elephant's ear ., Honeycomb Fine Metric Tons Velvet Grass Total Methods of Fishing: Fishing methods vary in the various areas. In the Marmara-Dardanelles area, divers operate from small boats without diving e- quipment. In the Bodrum area two methods are used— dredging and diving with a mask. In the Marmaris and Cesme area three methods are used—divers with suits, divers without equipment, and dredging. Consumption: Trade estimates place domestic consumption of sponges duHng 1948 at 5,280 pounds. These sponges were of low grade. About 38080 pounds of this amount <»as purchased for the Turkish Army, Ifevy or other State-owned indus- trial organizations. The balance •las consamed through regular mar- Kst channels. Stocks: Market circles esti- iOate present stocks of sponges at 3ome 6 metric tons, of which 11,550 pounds a
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