Scientific and applied pharmacognosy intended for the use of students in pharmacy, as a hand book for pharmacists, and as a reference book for food and drug analysts and pharmacologists . autumn, and readily decomposing with theformation of an inactive but crystalline anyhdride; and filicic anhy-dride (filicin, or so-called crystalline filicic acid). The latter occurs ASPIDIUM 33 from 19 to 31 per cent in the drug, and may be converted into filicicacid by dissolving in alkalies and precipitating with acids. Thedrug also contains from to per cent of a light yellow volatileoil with a
Scientific and applied pharmacognosy intended for the use of students in pharmacy, as a hand book for pharmacists, and as a reference book for food and drug analysts and pharmacologists . autumn, and readily decomposing with theformation of an inactive but crystalline anyhdride; and filicic anhy-dride (filicin, or so-called crystalline filicic acid). The latter occurs ASPIDIUM 33 from 19 to 31 per cent in the drug, and may be converted into filicicacid by dissolving in alkalies and precipitating with acids. Thedrug also contains from to per cent of a light yellow volatileoil with an intense odor of the drug and an aromatic, burning consists of free butyric and allied acids and hexyl and octyl estersof the fatty acid series, ranging from butyric acid to 6 to 7 per cent of a green fixed oil is present, which consists ofthe glycerides of oleic, palmitic, cerotinic and filosymlic acids, thelatter being volatile. Also filmaron (active); a small amount of abitter principle; about 10 per cent of filixtannic acid; a soft blackresin and a hard red resin; about 11 per cent of an uncrystallizablesugar; starch, and 2 to 3 per cent of ash. O° Fig. 14.—Aspidium: P, parenchyma containing starch grains; S, starch grains;T, tracheae; H, hypodermal cells with thickened walls and simple pores;C, yellow, thick-walled cells of chaff. Allied Plants.—The rhizome of Aspidium spinulosum appears topossess properties similar to the official drug; it somewhat resemblesthat of A. Filix mas, but the chaffy scales possess marginal glandularhairs and the number of fibrovascular bundles in the rhizome isusually but 6 or 7. The rootstock of Pteris aquilina (Pteridium aquilinum) contains acyanogenetic anygdalin-like glucoside. (Bot. Abstracts, 1919, 1,p. 220.) 84 SCIENTIFIC AND APPLIED PHARMACOGNOSY Adulterants.—The rhizomes of other ferns are sometimes sub-stituted for those of the true drug. The botanical origin of thesesubstitutes is not clear. A very
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