. Annual report. New York State Museum; Science; Science. EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA The geographic conditions then in New York at this early date maybe briefly outlined as follows: The great interior Mississippian sea which stretched a broad arm eastward into the Appalachian region during both earlier and later times, forming the Appalachian gulf, was, in the Helderbergian period, excluded from the present western, southern and central reo-ions of New York, for it was a time of elevation of the continent and most if not all those portions of this State were th
. Annual report. New York State Museum; Science; Science. EARLY DEVONIC HISTORY OF NEW YORK AND EASTERN NORTH AMERICA The geographic conditions then in New York at this early date maybe briefly outlined as follows: The great interior Mississippian sea which stretched a broad arm eastward into the Appalachian region during both earlier and later times, forming the Appalachian gulf, was, in the Helderbergian period, excluded from the present western, southern and central reo-ions of New York, for it was a time of elevation of the continent and most if not all those portions of this State were then land, but land to be again depressed and overridden for ages by the seas. This ancient con- tinental land extended far to the south along the present Appalachian region and east of it lay a sea way which we know to have been bounded without or on the eastern side by a land barrier, probably of continental dimensions. It has been argued with reasonable security that from the southern Appalachians of Maryland and Ten- nessee northward this sea way was a relatively narrow channel, widening out at places into The (^riskany sea in New York, showing the basins favorable for the propagation of exten- western transgression sive faunas and forming an open connection with the ocean waters at the south and a free passage for migrant organisms. We must thus predicate for New York at the opening of the Devonic time a land area which was practically the entire State save its eastern and southeastern portions where the tides flowed through the marine waters of the Helderberg channel, hemmed in on the east by a land mass of whose extent toward the present Atlantic we have still much to learn. There is now before us the problem as to the opening of this channel beyond the present site of the Helderberg mountains eastward, and its course till it reached the open waters of the ocean at the northeast. We can not in this place give expression to our interpretation of this problem or full credit
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