. The cereals in America. BOTANICAL RELATIONS OF WHEAT 49 Stone Age. It is used for mush and cracked wheat, and as fodder for cattle, rather than for bread. 79. Spelt (TV. sativum spelt a Hackel).—^\Vas largely and widely cultivated in ancient times. Hackel states that it was the chief grain in Eg}^t and Greece and was cultivated everj^vhere throughout the Roman Empire and distributed through its colonies. It is now sparingly cultivated in Europe except in northern Spain, where it is still an important crop. At present it is used almost exclusively as a stock food. It is not cultivated in this
. The cereals in America. BOTANICAL RELATIONS OF WHEAT 49 Stone Age. It is used for mush and cracked wheat, and as fodder for cattle, rather than for bread. 79. Spelt (TV. sativum spelt a Hackel).—^\Vas largely and widely cultivated in ancient times. Hackel states that it was the chief grain in Eg}^t and Greece and was cultivated everj^vhere throughout the Roman Empire and distributed through its colonies. It is now sparingly cultivated in Europe except in northern Spain, where it is still an important crop. At present it is used almost exclusively as a stock food. It is not cultivated in this country except in an experimental way. There are both winter and spring varieties, but the winter beardless spelt, a white-spiked, a^^'nless variety, is said to be the most profitable. Under ordinary conditions the yield is not equal to common wheat. Hackel states that it is more certain, liable to fewer diseases and not at all subject to the attacks of birds. Carleton says that it is especially liable to rust. He gives its desirable qualities as power to hold the grain in the spike, constancy in fertility, and hardiness of certain winter varieties.^ The brittleness of the spike is an undesirable qualit)\ The Garton Brothers (England) have obtained good results by crossing spelt on common wheat to prevent shattering at harvest. 80. Emmer (TV. sat. dicocciim Hackel).—Hackel states that this subspecies has been "cultivated from the most ancient times but always more sparingly than spelt and at present (1885) only in S. Germany, Switzerland, Spain, Servia and ; Carleton (1900) says: "Very little, if any, true spelt is grown va 1 The Basis for the Improvement of American Wheats. By M. A. Carletoa TJ. S. Dept. of Agr., Div. Veg. Phys. and Path. Bui. 24, p. Spelt. (One-half natu' ^ze.). Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrat
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