. Bonner zoologische Beiträge : Herausgeber: Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn. Biology; Zoology. Hornbill systematics and zoogeography 319. Fig. 4: Zoogeographical divisions of the Oriental and Australasian Regions based on hornbill distributions for comparison with Table 2 and divisions of the Afrotropical Region (Kemp & Crowe 1985). Areas occupied by hornbills are coloured black, Narcondam Island is arrowed but the extension of one species east of New Guinea onto the Solomon Islands is not shown. Regions: O — Oriental, A — Australasian. Subregions: I — In
. Bonner zoologische Beiträge : Herausgeber: Zoologisches Forschungsinstitut und Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn. Biology; Zoology. Hornbill systematics and zoogeography 319. Fig. 4: Zoogeographical divisions of the Oriental and Australasian Regions based on hornbill distributions for comparison with Table 2 and divisions of the Afrotropical Region (Kemp & Crowe 1985). Areas occupied by hornbills are coloured black, Narcondam Island is arrowed but the extension of one species east of New Guinea onto the Solomon Islands is not shown. Regions: O — Oriental, A — Australasian. Subregions: I — Indian, II — Indo-Chinese, III — Indo-Malayan or Malayan. Provinces: (1) — Peninsular, (2) — South-western, (3) — Con- tinental, (4) — Sundaic, (5) — Philippine, (6) — Sulawezian, (7) — Lesser Sundaic. Districts: (a) — Indian, (b) — Sri Lankan, (c) — Burmese-Thai, (d) — Tenasserimian, (e) — An- damanese, (f) — Malay-Sumatran, (g) — Bornean, (h) — Javan, (i) — Palawanese, (j) — Suluan, (k) — Mindoroan, (1) — Luzonian, (m) — Panay-Negrosian, (n) — Samarían, (o) — Mindanaoean, (p) — Minahasian, (q) — Makassarian. The lines separating the Oriental from Australasian Regions, the Sundaic/Philippine from Sulawezian/Lesser Sundaic Provinces and the Sundaic from Philippine Provinces correspond to Weber's, Wallace's and Huxley's Modification of Wallace's Line respectively (Flenley 1979). First, the cladogram can be superimposed on a succession of warm and cool periods, with branching points placed in conditions under which populations were thought to have been isolated based on their ecological requirements and geographical distribution (Fig. 5). Second, the zoogeographical divisions between or within which isolation is thought to have occurred can be added at each branching point (from Table 2). Third, the cladogram can be altered to accomodate knowledge of distributions. This permits more than just bifurcations to occur, where s
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