. The microscopy of vegetable foods, with special reference to the detection of adulteration and the diagnosis of mixtures . st palisade cells. X160. convex or dorsal side they bear five (Moeller.)primary ribs and sometimes four secondary ribs. When ripe themericarps readily separate, disclosing the carpophore or prolongationof the stem to which the carpels are attached at their upper ends. Incross-section the mericarps are either semicircular or longitudinally through the dry pericarp, are brown, essentialoil ducts or vittcB, which are evident to the naked eye both in cr
. The microscopy of vegetable foods, with special reference to the detection of adulteration and the diagnosis of mixtures . st palisade cells. X160. convex or dorsal side they bear five (Moeller.)primary ribs and sometimes four secondary ribs. When ripe themericarps readily separate, disclosing the carpophore or prolongationof the stem to which the carpels are attached at their upper ends. Incross-section the mericarps are either semicircular or longitudinally through the dry pericarp, are brown, essentialoil ducts or vittcB, which are evident to the naked eye both in cross-sec-tion and, after boihng with dilute caustic alkali, in surface view. The epicarp is either smooth or hairy, the hairs being unicellular(anise) or multicellular (cumin). The mesocarp has outer and inner parenchymatous layers, betweenwhich is a middle zone traversed by the fibro-vascular bundles of theribs, and by the oil ducts, the latter being jointed and encased in a singlelayer of parenchyma. The ground tissue of this middle zone is largelyparenchymatous, except on the dorsal side of coriander fruit, where it. 550 SPICES AND CONDIMENTS. forms a dense sclerenchyma layer. The cells of the inner layer of themesocarp are cither isodiametric or transversely elongated, conspicuousor indistinct. The endocarj) cells are, for the most part, transversely elongated,forming a cross-cell layer, although in some species groups of cells extendin other directions, giving the layer a parqueted appearance. In breadththe cells differ greatly according to the species. The anatropous seed consists of a thin spermoderm, usually of onedistinctly cellular layer and of several obliterated layers, a bulky endo-sperm and a minute embryo embedded in the upper end of the endo-sperm. Aleurone grains 2-15 /i in diameter, containing crystal rosettesof calcium oxalate, or globoids, also fat, are the only visible contents ofthe endosperm. The minute radicle of the embryo is directed upward. The fruits
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