Medieval and modern times : an introduction to the history of western Europe form the dissolution of the Roman empire to the present time . nd not those estab-lished by great rivers and mountains. She therefore longed toweaken her enemy and strengthen herself by winning Roussillonon the south, and so make the crest of the Pyrenees the line ofdemarcation between France and Spain. She dreamed, too, of ex-tending her sway toward the Rhine by adding the county of Bur-gundy (that is, Franche-Comt^) and a number of fortified townswhich would afford protection against the Spanish Netherlands. Richeli
Medieval and modern times : an introduction to the history of western Europe form the dissolution of the Roman empire to the present time . nd not those estab-lished by great rivers and mountains. She therefore longed toweaken her enemy and strengthen herself by winning Roussillonon the south, and so make the crest of the Pyrenees the line ofdemarcation between France and Spain. She dreamed, too, of ex-tending her sway toward the Rhine by adding the county of Bur-gundy (that is, Franche-Comt^) and a number of fortified townswhich would afford protection against the Spanish Netherlands. Richelieu declared war against Spain in May, 1635. He had Richelieusalready concluded an alliance with the chief enemies of the prolongsHouse of Austria. So the war was renewed, and French, *^ ^^^ ^ See above, p. 344. 3S6 Medieval and Alodeiti Times Swedish, Spanish, and German soldiers ravaged an alreadyexhausted country for a decade longer. The dearth of provi-sions was so great that the armies had to move quickly fromplace to place in order to avoid starvation. After a serious de-feat By the Swedes, the emperor (Ferdinand III, 1637-1657). Fig. 91. Portrait of Cardinal Richelieu, from aContemporaneous Painting France suc-ceeds Spainin themilitarysupremacyof westernEurope sent a Dominican monk to expostulate with Cardinal Richelieufor his crime in aiding the German and Swedish heretics againstCatholic Austria. The cardinal had, however, just died (December, 1642),well content with the results of his diplomacy. The Frenchwere in possession of Roussillon and of Lorraine and military exploits of the French generals, especially Turenneand Conde, during the opening years of the reign of Louis XIV The Wars of Religion 357 (1643-1715), showed that a new period had begun in whichthe military and political supremacy of Spain was to give wayto that of France (see Chapter XVIII). The participants in the war were now so numerous and their Close of theobjects so various and conflicting
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