. Railway and locomotive engineering : a practical journal of railway motive power and rolling stock . twelve sets of vanadium cast-steelframes made l)y the Union Casting Com- IllSSICAh l-KOlliKTltS.(Minimum). ^. per sc|. ,000 Icnsik- StreilKlh, lb». l-i-r m|. 75,000 (ion in J in., prr JU 15 Reduction of Area, per J8 Ji When hiKll carbon stccI frames arc Hpccifirilthis grade shall be usecj. It is possible to obtain elastic limits of40,000 to 45,000 lbs. per sq. in. with Crade1, commonly known as high or 40 car-bon cast-steel frames; but these
. Railway and locomotive engineering : a practical journal of railway motive power and rolling stock . twelve sets of vanadium cast-steelframes made l)y the Union Casting Com- IllSSICAh l-KOlliKTltS.(Minimum). ^. per sc|. ,000 Icnsik- StreilKlh, lb». l-i-r m|. 75,000 (ion in J in., prr JU 15 Reduction of Area, per J8 Ji When hiKll carbon stccI frames arc Hpccifirilthis grade shall be usecj. It is possible to obtain elastic limits of40,000 to 45,000 lbs. per sq. in. with Crade1, commonly known as high or 40 car-bon cast-steel frames; but these highelastic limits are accompanied by lowductility, generally the minimum means greatly lessened resistance toshocks and repeated stresses and in-creased liability to failure through the other hand, the high elastic limitsassociated with high ductility of vana-dium frames mean greatly increased re-sistance to fatigue or what is commonlyknown as crystallizatifm, and much longerservice. The New York, Ontario & Western has. \.\.\AI)nM C.\ST FH,\MK Fdii XKW M)RK. ONTARIO Jt WKSTERN, 2-10-J TVlK >M( lTl\ K. Union Steel (asting Makers. cent, by the admi.\ture of made from some of this .steel con-taining three-tenths of one per cent, ofvanadium proved to be 25 per cent, betterthan a 3 per cent, tungsten tool to eminent authorities vana-dium is the element which, together withcarbon, acts with the greatest intensityin the way of improving alloys of iron,and is undoubtedly the most powerfulmetal yet discovered for alloying steel. Just as its superlative merits becamethoroughly established, adventurous spiritswere not slow in looking for the raresubstance in the far ends of the the .^ndes in Peru an immense depositof vanadium ore of richness and characterIiitherto unknown was discovered, and itis now available as a steel-making metalin unlimited quantities. The first application of vanadium forlocom
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