. The American railway; its construction, development, management, and appliances . Peha de Mora on the La Guayra and CarScas Railway, Venezuela. 62 FEATS OF RAILWAY ENGINEERING,. Petspective View of St. Gothard Spiral Tunnels, in theAlps. That true economy, whichfinally secures in a completedwork the best results from theinvestment of capital, in firstcost and continued maintenance, is an essential element in the con-sideration of any really great engineering feat. The difficulties involved in the construction of a tunnel, afterthe line and dimensions have been determined, depend generallyupo
. The American railway; its construction, development, management, and appliances . Peha de Mora on the La Guayra and CarScas Railway, Venezuela. 62 FEATS OF RAILWAY ENGINEERING,. Petspective View of St. Gothard Spiral Tunnels, in theAlps. That true economy, whichfinally secures in a completedwork the best results from theinvestment of capital, in firstcost and continued maintenance, is an essential element in the con-sideration of any really great engineering feat. The difficulties involved in the construction of a tunnel, afterthe line and dimensions have been determined, depend generallyupon the nature of the material found as the work advances. Solidrock presents really the fewest difficulties, but it is seldom thattunnels of considerable leneth occur without meetinor materialwhich requires special provision for successful treatment. In somecases great portions of the rock, where the roof of the tunnel is tobe, press downward with enormous weight, being detached fromthe adjacent mass by the occurrence of natural seams. At other places soft material may be encountered, and the pas-sage then is attended with great difficulty. Temporary supports,generally of t
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