. The American encyclopædia of commerce, manufactures, commercial law, and finance. or not, according to circumstances. They arecalled dijkcs, because they divide the seams orbanils of coal , and are up-thow or doum-throw dykes, according as the edge of the strataappears to an observer to be higlier or lower inregard to his own position. They are also calleds/i///s, as the miners consider that they have sliijhdthe strata on their sides ; but the common tern) isfaulls or Iroiibles, from their Iroublinfi or putting tofault the pitmen. A slip dyke of less thicknessthan the workable seam
. The American encyclopædia of commerce, manufactures, commercial law, and finance. or not, according to circumstances. They arecalled dijkcs, because they divide the seams orbanils of coal , and are up-thow or doum-throw dykes, according as the edge of the strataappears to an observer to be higlier or lower inregard to his own position. They are also calleds/i///s, as the miners consider that they have sliijhdthe strata on their sides ; but the common tern) isfaulls or Iroiibles, from their Iroublinfi or putting tofault the pitmen. A slip dyke of less thicknessthan the workable seams, and not disturbing theircontinuity, is called a hilcli, as at b. Fig. 85. Otherdykes, called wliin-di/kes, contain basalt, loadstone,aiid other rocks of igneous origin. Such dykesmay. or may not, be slip dykes, or such as causea shifting of level In the adjacent beds. Thusthose at i> i), Fig. 85, are not accompanied by anyslip. In approaching within a few yards of theseonce molten streams, the operation of fire is evi-dent in the conversion of loose grits into compact srfV. Fig. 85. — Section of the Accident.\l Features of Co.\l D, Whin Dykos; r p, s s. Faults or Slip Djltes ; t t. Troubles; h. Hitch or Slip ; b and D b, Bands; N, Nip or Baulk. sea and land must have gone on uninterruptedly,through a long period of time, not in one districtof country only, but all over the world, and dur-ing the same geological period. — It will be under-stood from the preceding details that the series ofrocks which constitute the ( consistsof beds of sandstone, shale, clay, and C, lyingone above anotlier in repeated alternations to agreat depth. The strata of C, technically calledseams, are very thin compared with the otherassociated beds. Although they extend underlarge tracts of countrj, they are often only afew inches thick, seldom more than 6 or 8 this series Is the mountain limestone, form-ing various calcareous strata of various thick-ness, somet
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