. Electron microscopy; proceedings of the Stockholm Conference, September, 1956. Electron microscopy. Intact Cells, Protoplasts and ""Ghosts" of a Bacillus Ibl The cytoplasmic areas and the nuclear equivalents are seen. Sometimes the outer border of the cyto- plasm appears slightly darker than the rest of it, suggesting the presence of a cytoplasmic membrane. These findings are in accordance with the fact that the protoplasts very much show the same biochemi- cal and physiological capabilities as the intact cells. The protoplasts thus respire at the same rate as the cells (13),
. Electron microscopy; proceedings of the Stockholm Conference, September, 1956. Electron microscopy. Intact Cells, Protoplasts and ""Ghosts" of a Bacillus Ibl The cytoplasmic areas and the nuclear equivalents are seen. Sometimes the outer border of the cyto- plasm appears slightly darker than the rest of it, suggesting the presence of a cytoplasmic membrane. These findings are in accordance with the fact that the protoplasts very much show the same biochemi- cal and physiological capabilities as the intact cells. The protoplasts thus respire at the same rate as the cells (13), they synthesize protein and nucleic acid from low molecular weight compounds (4) and they are able to produce adaptive enzymes (3, 5, 16). Moreover, bacteriophage particles and spores de- velop within them (I, 7, 9, 10). Under certain conditions protoplasts even exhibit growth and divi- sion phenomena (6). The absence of the cell wall structure in proto- plasts has earlier been indicated by analytical data (13), by light microscopical investigations (12, 14) and by the fact that they do not absorb phage particles (13). The "ghosts** consists of shells enclosing some protoplasmic material more or less in the form of granules but otherwise empty, as may be apparent from figs. 3 and 4. Thus earlier observations by means of light microscopy (12, 15), strongly suggesting that the "ghosts*" represent cytoplasmic membranes, are confirmed. On the other hand it should be empha- sized that some protoplasmic material evidently re- mains enclosed within this membrane even after the osmotic lysis of the protoplasts. Staining experiments performed on whole cells and "ghosts** using Sudan Black seem to indicate that the granules of Bacillus M. are not of lipid nature. In all events they should not be identified with the granules of polymerized /j-hydroxy-butyric. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for
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