. The arts in early England. n evidence. They also become things of art, varying inshape and adorned in every technique and style represented inthe period. The back plates at first belong to the pin withwhich they sometimes form a single piece, as in PI. lxxi, 2,but those in specimens like PI. lxx, 10, IT, belong to thering round which they are bent, and it may be noted here asa matter of construction that the back plate and the ring maybe in one piece, in which case the tongue is hinged so as tolift for the admission of the strap ; or the tongue and the backplate may be inseparable, when the
. The arts in early England. n evidence. They also become things of art, varying inshape and adorned in every technique and style represented inthe period. The back plates at first belong to the pin withwhich they sometimes form a single piece, as in PI. lxxi, 2,but those in specimens like PI. lxx, 10, IT, belong to thering round which they are bent, and it may be noted here asa matter of construction that the back plate and the ring maybe in one piece, in which case the tongue is hinged so as tolift for the admission of the strap ; or the tongue and the backplate may be inseparable, when the ring is hinged so as todrop when the strap is to be inserted ; or else there may betwo hinges and all three parts may be mutually accommodat-ing. Buckles are usually of metal but there are bone ones,of which PL lii, 4 (p. 293), and PL lxxiv, 3 are examples, andbuckle rings are also found occasionally of rock crystal, ivoryand meerschaum. A simple example of ornament applied to a buckle plate is EARLY GOTHIC AND OTHER BUCKLES. 4, 6, about natural size ; 5, considerably enlarged/, 3, are Continental DEVELOPMENT OF THE CHAPE 349 seen PI. lxxi, 5. It is an interesting little buckle found atEast Boldon in County Durham and now in the Museum ofthe Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle-on-Tyne, and is figuredon an enlarged scale as it is rather a valuable object-lessonin the matter of dating. The back of the plate is, or was forone is lost, adorned with three garnets set * en cabochon, or,as they would be popularly termed, three carbuncles, with alittle frill round each made of a beading worked in thinmetal in repousse. Now it so happens that this particularkind of work used for setting rounded gems occurs in southernRussia at a very early date indeed in the migration period, andProfessor Posta in his valuable work on antiquities in thatdistrict proves that the piece from the Crimea in the Museumat Odessa, PL lxxi, 3, cannot date later than about 111 likeness in technique of the
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