Journal . of Pile-driving.—As a result of the informationobtained by means of the autographic pile-set gauge (Fig. 1),described at pp. 157-171 of the fourth paper, a much fuller andcloser estimate of the various forces involved in pile-drivinghas been made possible. As an illustration, the case of theSimplex steel pile-tube, of which particulars are given at IV.,p. 199, may be taken. The potential energy of a pile-driving hammer is expendedin several ways :— (1) overcoming the friction of the leaders which guide the hammer. (2) causing damage ( brooming) to the head of the pile. (3) producing
Journal . of Pile-driving.—As a result of the informationobtained by means of the autographic pile-set gauge (Fig. 1),described at pp. 157-171 of the fourth paper, a much fuller andcloser estimate of the various forces involved in pile-drivinghas been made possible. As an illustration, the case of theSimplex steel pile-tube, of which particulars are given at IV.,p. 199, may be taken. The potential energy of a pile-driving hammer is expendedin several ways :— (1) overcoming the friction of the leaders which guide the hammer. (2) causing damage ( brooming) to the head of the pile. (3) producing heat in the head of the pile. (4) elastically compressing the pile. (5) overcoming the inertia of the pile. (6) overcoming the friction of the soil on the sides of the pile. (7) overcoming the vertical reaction of the soil on the toe of the pile. (8) elastically compressing the soil under the toe of the pile, and stretching the clay adhering to the sides of thepile. 26 THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF CLAY 27 IX i ? I! E 1 I E ™ 5 Of these Nos. (1) to (5) inclusive and No. (8) are losses, andonly (6) and (7) are used in doing what is required, viz., drivingthe pile into the soil. The quantities (4), (6), (7) and (8) canbe represented by a diagram. The force expended in overcomingthe inertia of the pile (5), considerably reduces the effectiveforce of the blow, but it is not entirely lost, as, having given avelocity to the mass of the pile, the pile itself then possesseskinetic energy which is at least partly utilised when the velocityof the pile is decelerated. WorKdonemelasticalljf compressing Hie pile. WorK done in elashcalty compressing the clay. Effechve work done m causing penetrationof the pilejournalsoe1923soci
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