. Outlines of plant life : with special reference to form and function . Botany. LIVERWORTS AND MOSSES. 43 thallus, from the floor of which arise green filaments (fig. 38). On the under side, also, are frequently found scale-like out- growths as in fig. 38, i. A part which shows constant differences between an upper (dorsal) and an under (ventral) side is said to be Fig. 38 Fig. 39. Fig. 38.—Portion of a vertical section of the thallus of Lunnlaria cruciata. a, dor- sal, ^, ventral epidermis; c, an air-pore; e, air-chamber, from whose floor rise green filaments, d\ f. partition


. Outlines of plant life : with special reference to form and function . Botany. LIVERWORTS AND MOSSES. 43 thallus, from the floor of which arise green filaments (fig. 38). On the under side, also, are frequently found scale-like out- growths as in fig. 38, i. A part which shows constant differences between an upper (dorsal) and an under (ventral) side is said to be Fig. 38 Fig. 39. Fig. 38.—Portion of a vertical section of the thallus of Lunnlaria cruciata. a, dor- sal, ^, ventral epidermis; c, an air-pore; e, air-chamber, from whose floor rise green filaments, d\ f. partition between adjoining air chambers ; g, colorless cells contain- ing starch, some showing net-like thickenings of the walls, others with oil-bodies, h ; i, a ventral scale ; /, a rhizoid. Ma^ified 110 diam.—After Nestler. Fig. 39.—Lunulayia cruciata, showing horizontal thallus and rhizoids with two erect branches (one young, one mature), for carrying sex-organs. Natural size. - After Bischoff. These differences are usually called forth by the action of light (see f 325). 53. Branching.—The branching of the thallus is always by forking, in a single plane or direction, as in Fucus, but the branches do not always develop equally. Sometimes special branches, instead of remaining horizontal, grow up- right and develop into peculiar forms adapted to producing the sexual reproductive organs (fig. 39).. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Barnes, Charles Reid, 1858-1910. New York : Henry Holt and Company


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