. Principles of modern biology. Biology. Fig. 1-2. Responsiveness, nutrition, and reproduction are characteristic of living things. Incidentally, this adult female robin is a fairly rare, white (albino) specimen. (Courtesy of Hugh M. Halliday.) generation. In fact, these three activities— responsiveness, nutrition, and reproduction —are uniquely combined in living bodies, and can be taken as the main criteria of the living state (Fig. 1-2). Responsiveness. One must conclude, how- ever, that the dividing line between the liv- ing and nonliving is not a very sharp one, because a number of nonliv
. Principles of modern biology. Biology. Fig. 1-2. Responsiveness, nutrition, and reproduction are characteristic of living things. Incidentally, this adult female robin is a fairly rare, white (albino) specimen. (Courtesy of Hugh M. Halliday.) generation. In fact, these three activities— responsiveness, nutrition, and reproduction —are uniquely combined in living bodies, and can be taken as the main criteria of the living state (Fig. 1-2). Responsiveness. One must conclude, how- ever, that the dividing line between the liv- ing and nonliving is not a very sharp one, because a number of nonliving systems can be found that simulate some aspects of living behavior. All bodies, nonliving as well as liv- ing, are in some degree responsive; and some there are nonliving systems that are highly reactive—as for example, a loaded pistol re- sponding to a touch on the trigger, or an automobile responding to pressure on the accelerator. Generally speaking, however, animate responses, in comparison with in- animate ones, are much more complex and variable. Nutrition. Nonliving bodies may also dis- play nutrition, although generally the nutri- tion of living bodies is considerabh more complex. Within the living body, food al-. Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Marsland, Douglas, 1899-. New York, Holt, Rinehart and Winston
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