. Essentials of botany. Botany; Botany. VIOLET FAMILY 161 67. VIOLACE^ffi. Violet Family Herbs, with simple, alternate leaves, with, stipules. Calyx of 5 persistent sepals. Corolla of 5 petals, somewhat zygo- morphic; one petal with a spur. Stamens 5, short, the fila- ments often united around the pistil (Fig. 24). Style generally club-shaped, with a one-sided stigma, with an opening leading to its interior. Pod 1-celled, splitting into 3 valves, each bear- ing a placenta. The seeds are often dispersed by the splitting of the elastic valves (Fig. 24).. A D Fig. 24. Viola tricolor A, stamens an
. Essentials of botany. Botany; Botany. VIOLET FAMILY 161 67. VIOLACE^ffi. Violet Family Herbs, with simple, alternate leaves, with, stipules. Calyx of 5 persistent sepals. Corolla of 5 petals, somewhat zygo- morphic; one petal with a spur. Stamens 5, short, the fila- ments often united around the pistil (Fig. 24). Style generally club-shaped, with a one-sided stigma, with an opening leading to its interior. Pod 1-celled, splitting into 3 valves, each bear- ing a placenta. The seeds are often dispersed by the splitting of the elastic valves (Fig. 24).. A D Fig. 24. Viola tricolor A, stamens and pistil; B, pistil with stamens removed; C, stamen; D, pod split open, a, anther; e, connective; na, uectarial appendage of stamen; 0, orifice in stigma; ov, ovary; s, stigma. (A, B, and '.' considerably magnified) VIOLA L. Sepals ear-like at the base. Some of the petals often bearded within, thus affording a foothold for bees, the lowest one with a spur at the base. Stamens not very much united, the two lowermost with spurs which reach down into the spur of the lowest petal. Many species bear inconspicuous apeta- lous flowers later than the showy ordinary ones, and produce most of their seed from these closed, self-fertilized flowers. § 1. Apparently stemless perennials 1. V. pedata L. Bird-Foot Violet, Horseshoe Violet, Saxd Violet. Rootstock stout, upright, not scaly. Leaves roundish, all palmately 5-9-parted into linear or linear-lanceolate divisions. Flowers showy, about 1 in. broad, pale violet to whitish; petals not bearded. Dry fields and Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Bergen, Joseph Y. (Joseph Young), 1851-1917. Boston, Ginn
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