. Anthropology . curve. By comparing each of theseparts to the whole, = 100, we at once have an idea of the relativedevelopment of the anterior and posterior cranium, and determinewhether the subject is to be included among the frontal or occipitalraces of Gratiolet. The following are some examples of the hori-zontal circumference: Men. Women. Auvergnians 43 524*6 ... 39 502*8 Contemporary Parisians ... 77 525*6 ... 41 498*0 Lapps 6 512*2 ... 3 504*0 Chap, ii.] HORIZONTAL CIRCUMFERENCE. 247 Chinese Negroes of Africa ...New CaledoniansHottentots and Bosjesmans. Men. 21 511-654 512-023 510-010 5
. Anthropology . curve. By comparing each of theseparts to the whole, = 100, we at once have an idea of the relativedevelopment of the anterior and posterior cranium, and determinewhether the subject is to be included among the frontal or occipitalraces of Gratiolet. The following are some examples of the hori-zontal circumference: Men. Women. Auvergnians 43 524*6 ... 39 502*8 Contemporary Parisians ... 77 525*6 ... 41 498*0 Lapps 6 512*2 ... 3 504*0 Chap, ii.] HORIZONTAL CIRCUMFERENCE. 247 Chinese Negroes of Africa ...New CaledoniansHottentots and Bosjesmans. Men. 21 511-654 512-023 510-010 500-7 Women. 7 495-824 489-124 494-4 5 483-6 Some craniologists discard the transverse circumference, but allaccept the other two. M. Welcker alone deviates from the methodof measuring the horizontal circumference by taking it round thefrontal eminences in front, and the maximum occipital pointbehind. The difference between the measurement made in thisway was three millimetres less than that by the ordinary method. ffws. 29.—MM, Minimum frontal diameter; S S, Superior frontal or bistephanic diameterof Broca; S T, Oblique lines of M. de Quatrefages determining the parietal angle;G, Width of the nasal orifice, one of the factors of the nasal index : in the orbitalcavity are the two lines showing the orbital index j O, Supra-orbital point; N, Nasalpoint; E, Sub-nasal point; A, Alveolar point, &c. See Fig. 3. in 25 Auvergnians, and 18 more in 25 Negroes; which proves thatthe region of the frontal eminences was less developed in theformer, and exceptionally very projecting and very elevated in thelatter. The utility of the horizontal circumference may be noticed, 248 PARTIAL MEASUREMENTS OF THE CRANIUM. [Chap. n. especially when we have to determine certain extraordinary patho-logical conditions, such as microcephalus and hydrocephalus. Thefollowing, taken upon adults only, show: 4 Microcephali ... 349 20 Demi-microcephali ... ... ... 432 to 480 (about) 1 Moderate hydrocephalus ...
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