. Medieval and modern history; an outline of its development . kely that even thistriumph of Louiswould have been ac-cepted by Europe,so tired were someof the leading statesof the constant warsof the last twenty-five years, if he hadnot apparently losthis head over hisgreat success. Eng-land and Hollandwere disposed togive their consentin return for com-mercial concessions,but these were re-fused . Spain was togive France a mo-nopoly of some ofthe most profitable lines of trade with America, especially that in negroes, at theexpense of England and Holland. James IL dying at thistime, France im


. Medieval and modern history; an outline of its development . kely that even thistriumph of Louiswould have been ac-cepted by Europe,so tired were someof the leading statesof the constant warsof the last twenty-five years, if he hadnot apparently losthis head over hisgreat success. Eng-land and Hollandwere disposed togive their consentin return for com-mercial concessions,but these were re-fused . Spain was togive France a mo-nopoly of some ofthe most profitable lines of trade with America, especially that in negroes, at theexpense of England and Holland. James IL dying at thistime, France immediately recognized James HL as the right-ful king of England. Spain was openly treated as if it werealready a subject state, as if the Pyrenees were indeed no V. gave formal notice that he retained all rights of suc-cession to the French crown, and the Low Countries werealmost annexed. Such things could not be passed over, andWilliam IH. had no difficulty in forming the Grand Alhanceof all the chief states of Europe, whose object was to compel a. Gobelin Tapestry, Time of Louis XIV. Spain treated as ifa part ,History ofEngland(Appleton),I. 27 ff. The Grand ,Quellenbuch,209. 28o France tries to Dominate Europe [§§ 277? 278 Great generals andbattles. The dawn of world politics. Francemakes aorave defence, butis forced ,Louis XIV.,Chap. XIII. partition of the Spanish Empire. WiUiam died just as thewar was opening, but he was succeeded by Anne, the sisterof his wife and daughter of James II., who continued hispolicy, under the influence of the Whig party. 277. The War of the Spanish Succession. — From a mih-tary point of view, the War of the Spanish Succession is oneof the greatest of European wars. The alHes had two veryfamous generals, the English duke of Marlborough andPrince Eugene of Savoy, in the service of Austria. Francehad no generals equal to these, and sometimes her armieswere very badly led, but they knew h


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