. Social Scandinavia in the Viking age. es ofthe hoof by which the shoes were strapped to the foot.^^ People taking a journey of some distance or going upona visit were usually accompanied by horses with packsaddles bearing chests of clothes and otherr^^^ supplies securely strapped, or tied, on. Mer- chants and traders also carried their goodsupon pack horses led in a string, sometimes of a dozenor more.^^ The method of fastening the animals to-gether was probably the same as that employed recentlyin Iceland, a rope being tied around the lower jaw ofeach horse and attached to the tail of the p
. Social Scandinavia in the Viking age. es ofthe hoof by which the shoes were strapped to the foot.^^ People taking a journey of some distance or going upona visit were usually accompanied by horses with packsaddles bearing chests of clothes and otherr^^^ supplies securely strapped, or tied, on. Mer- chants and traders also carried their goodsupon pack horses led in a string, sometimes of a dozenor more.^^ The method of fastening the animals to-gether was probably the same as that employed recentlyin Iceland, a rope being tied around the lower jaw ofeach horse and attached to the tail of the preceding one.^^By this means one man alone could manage a very longpack train. The Northmen also traveled in sledges, sleds, andwagons, even in Iceland. The sledges in the Far North, 18 Origines Islandicae, II, 94; Schonfeld, Das Pferd, 42; Corpus PoeticumBoreale, I, 45; Weinhold, Altnordisches Leben, 310. 17 Schonfeld, Das Pferd, 41; Schonfeld, Der islandische Bauemhof, 136. 18 Origines Islandicae, I, Henderson, Iceland, I, TRANSPORTATION 199 especially on the borders of regions occupied chiefly byLapps and Finns, were made partially of raw- y^j^j^j^ghide, drawn over wooden frames and fittedwith runners of hard timber—in imitation of the ve-hicles used by the more primitive part of the vehicles of native construction as a whole were madealmost entirely of wood; often richly carved. A numberof sledges have been found in ancient tombs (Fig. 27).All of these are small affairs of rather simple and clumsylines, but carved in elaborate patterns. The wheeledvehicles were also of rather primitive style. Two orfour wheels, made with a few heavy spokes, and withthick wooden rims, seldom, or never, protected by metaltires, were used upon the vehicles. The Northmen em-ployed poles rather than shafts for drawing them, butat times a single animal drew the lighter carts or wagons(Fig. 28). The wheeled vehicles were evidently built after modelsseen in the Roman Em
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