Cooley's cyclopaedia of practical receipts and collateral information in the arts, manufactures, professions, and trades including medicine, pharmacy, hygiene, and domestic economy : designed as a comprehensive supplement to the Pharmacopoeia and general book of reference for the manufacturer, tradesman, amateur, and heads of families . of large towns of Europe and artificial illumination by means ofcoal-gas was, previous to 1819, used in GreatBritain in isolated cases, andhad been eiriployedfor the occasional lighting up of the mansion ofCulrose Abbey in Scotland, by Lord Dun
Cooley's cyclopaedia of practical receipts and collateral information in the arts, manufactures, professions, and trades including medicine, pharmacy, hygiene, and domestic economy : designed as a comprehensive supplement to the Pharmacopoeia and general book of reference for the manufacturer, tradesman, amateur, and heads of families . of large towns of Europe and artificial illumination by means ofcoal-gas was, previous to 1819, used in GreatBritain in isolated cases, andhad been eiriployedfor the occasional lighting up of the mansion ofCulrose Abbey in Scotland, by Lord Dundonald,as far back as 1787 ; and by Murdoch, in 1798,for lighting the foundry of Boulton and Watts in Soho, it does not appear to havebeen generally adopted in London, and theother large towns of England and Scotlanduntil that year; since which time to the pre-sent artificial gas illumination has steadily pio-grcssed, and increased to so enormous an extent,that some works are now delivering millions ofcubic feet of coal-gas a day. The apparatusused in the manufacture of gas on the largescale consists essentially of a system of closedretorts (a) of cast iron or fire-clay, generallyhaving the form of a flattened cylinder, andarranged in sets of three or five, and heated bythe same coal fire, as shown in the accompany-ing The quantity of coal required to charge eachretort is about two busliels, and it takes aboutfour hours for the coal to give off all its it has done this the resulting coke is re-moved from tlie retort, and a fresh charge of coalis thrown into it, the mouth of the retort beingthen closed with a tliick iron plate, and hitedwith clay. An iron pipe ascends from theupper side of the front of the retort, project-ing from the furnace, and after describing acurve at its upper extremity, this iron pipeopensinto a much wider tube, called the hydrau-lic main {b), which latter passes horizontallyalong the front of the range of furnaces, thetubes from all t
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