. Electric railway journal . in themain isaccomplished bymeans of perma-nent magnets onan aluminum diskattached to theshaft of the pen-operating is in-creased and themechanical balanceof the motor oper-ating element iseasy to external re-sistance is in acompact unit form,so that intercon-nections can bemade to allow anyinstrument to operate on a control voltage of 110 volts, direct current,or 25 cycles or 60-cycles, alternating current. A 220-volt,25-cycle or 60-cycle control resistor may be used. Theweight of the instrument is considerably reduce
. Electric railway journal . in themain isaccomplished bymeans of perma-nent magnets onan aluminum diskattached to theshaft of the pen-operating is in-creased and themechanical balanceof the motor oper-ating element iseasy to external re-sistance is in acompact unit form,so that intercon-nections can bemade to allow anyinstrument to operate on a control voltage of 110 volts, direct current,or 25 cycles or 60-cycles, alternating current. A 220-volt,25-cycle or 60-cycle control resistor may be used. Theweight of the instrument is considerably reduced ascompared with that operated by solenoids. The case consists of a wooden frame with glass win-dows, so the entire mechanism can be seen without re-moving the case. The paper reroU is driven over anintermediate shaft in the clock, which in turn is drivendirectly from the motor. The rerolling operation takesplace at each winding period and as a result the opera-tion of the clock is not affected by the rerolling of MOTOR-OPERATED GRAPHICINSTRUMENT Trolley Contact Signal Operation SINCE the publication of the article by Carl in the Jan. 8, 1920, issue of this paper, page52, information has come to hand regarding the 1919signal operating record of the road referred to. Thisarticle dealt with the rehabilitation and maintenanceof an automatic block signal system on a Southern elec-tric railway. This railway has eighteen blocks oftrolley contact signals, or thirty-six signals in all, ofone type. Signal failures for 1919 averaged one per block days, due to all causes, but as only per centof those were due to the signals themselves failuresfrom that cause would occur on an average of eveiyninety-eight days. The report from which this informa-tion is taken covers city operation under fairly heaAn-service, and the record is considered a good one for themethod of operation employed and the tj-pe of employeesavailable. Furthermore, the signals were not new,
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