. Introduction to the study of fungi; their organography, classification, and distribution, for the use of collectors. Fungi. CAPSULAR FUNGI—PYRENOMYCETES 207. globose (Fig. 97), concentrically zoned within, and the perithecia immersed at the periphery. In Ustulina the stroma is pulvinate, becoming hollow; and in NvAninu- laria discoid, and plane or concave, distinctly margined. But in the large genus Hypoxylon, the stroma is either subglobose (Fig. 98) or effused, solid and dark within, closely adnate, of variable thickness, sometimes re- duced to little more than a crust of densely-packed pe
. Introduction to the study of fungi; their organography, classification, and distribution, for the use of collectors. Fungi. CAPSULAR FUNGI—PYRENOMYCETES 207. globose (Fig. 97), concentrically zoned within, and the perithecia immersed at the periphery. In Ustulina the stroma is pulvinate, becoming hollow; and in NvAninu- laria discoid, and plane or concave, distinctly margined. But in the large genus Hypoxylon, the stroma is either subglobose (Fig. 98) or effused, solid and dark within, closely adnate, of variable thickness, sometimes re- duced to little more than a crust of densely-packed perithecia. All these genera are allied by the possession of a stroma and unicellular brown sporidia, as well as their habit of growing upon decayed wood and dead branches, with the exception of Poronia, most of which flourish upon old dung. The family Dothideaceae bear a superficial resemblance to some species of Hypoxylon, but differ in the perithecia being formed from the stroma; or, in other words, are fertile cavities excavated in the stroma, without definite ostiola. There are three subfamilies, viz. Dothideoideae, Rhytismoideae, and Stigma- toideae. In Dothideoideae and Rhytismoideae the species are compound, and in Dothideoideae the carbonaceous or coriaceous stroma is seldom broadly effused, and the pseudo-perithecia dehisce when mature by an apical pore. The largest genus is Phyllachora, in which the stroma is either shield-like or shortly effused and superficial, and the species are most commonly found growing on leaves, and not rarely whilst they are still living, but sometimes when dead. The sporidia are uncoloured and unicellular in typical forms, but in some of the subgenera they are coloured and continuous, or uniseptate, and in others uniseptate and hyaline, but rarely triseptate and hyaline or coloured. In Dothidea the stroma is erumpent and pulvinate, the sporidia again are variable, according to the subgenera. The species occur, in most cases, on branches, a
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