. On the anatomy of vertebrates. Vertebrates; Anatomy, Comparative; 1866. ANATOMY OF VERTEBRATES. 97 the neurapophysis, ' alisphenold,' 6; the neural spine, ' parietal,' 7; and the diapophysis, ' mastoid,' 8. The alisplienoids protect the sides of the optic lobes, and the rest of the penultimate segment of the brain called ' mesencephalon ;' the mastoids project outward and backward as strong transverse pro- cesses, and giii'e attachment to the piers of the great inverted haemal arch. Before noticing its struc- ture, I may remark that, in the recent Cod-fish, the case, partly gristly, l)artly
. On the anatomy of vertebrates. Vertebrates; Anatomy, Comparative; 1866. ANATOMY OF VERTEBRATES. 97 the neurapophysis, ' alisphenold,' 6; the neural spine, ' parietal,' 7; and the diapophysis, ' mastoid,' 8. The alisplienoids protect the sides of the optic lobes, and the rest of the penultimate segment of the brain called ' mesencephalon ;' the mastoids project outward and backward as strong transverse pro- cesses, and giii'e attachment to the piers of the great inverted haemal arch. Before noticing its struc- ture, I may remark that, in the recent Cod-fish, the case, partly gristly, l)artly bony, Avhicll contains , • ^ •'-.,•'. from litliilid; Cod aionhua i-nbjaris) the organ ol hearmg, is wedged between the last and penultimate neural arches of the skull. The extent to which tJie ear-case is ossified varies in different fishes, but the bone is always developed in the outer-wall of tlie case. In the Cod it is unusually large, and is called ' petrosal,' fig. 81, 16; in the Perch, fig. 84, 16, and Carp, fig. 83, lo, it is smaller : it forms iw part of the segmented neuroskeleton. In the acoustic organ whicli it contributes to enclose, there is a body as hard as shell, like half a split almond: it is the ' otolite,' fig. 81, 16. The ha?mal arch consists of a pleurapopliysis and a ha;mapo- physis on each side, and a hasmal spine; the pleurapopliysis is in two jjarts, the upper one called ' stylohj'al,' i)3. 38 ; the lower one called ' epihyal," ib. 39; the hjemapophj-sis is called ' ceratohyal,' ib. 40. The lia3mal spine is subdivided into four stumpy bones, called collectively 'basihyal,' ib. 4i; and wliich, in most fishes, supj^ort a bone directed forward, entering the substance of the tongue, called ' glossohyal,' ib. 42; and another bone directed backward, called ' urohyal,' ib. 43. The ceratohyal part of the hsemapophysis supports an appendage, or rudimental limb, called ' branchiostegal,' fig. 81, 44, answerin
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