History of the United States from the earliest discovery of America to the present time . the claims arising underroyal grant against those based upon occu-pancy. Difficulties of this sort pervadedall colonial history. In 1639 Wyatt held the office, succeededin 1642 by Berkeley, during whose adminis-tration the colony attained its highest pros-perity. Virginians now possessed constitu-tional rights and privileges in even a higherdegree than Englishmen in the northerncolonies. The colonists were most loyal tothe king, and were let alone. They werealso attached to the Church of England,ever mani
History of the United States from the earliest discovery of America to the present time . the claims arising underroyal grant against those based upon occu-pancy. Difficulties of this sort pervadedall colonial history. In 1639 Wyatt held the office, succeededin 1642 by Berkeley, during whose adminis-tration the colony attained its highest pros-perity. Virginians now possessed constitu-tional rights and privileges in even a higherdegree than Englishmen in the northerncolonies. The colonists were most loyal tothe king, and were let alone. They werealso attached to the Church of England,ever manifesting toward those of a differentfaith the spirit of intolerance characteristicof the aee. During the civil war in England, Vir-ginia, of course, sided with the king. WhenCromwell had assumed the reins of govern-ment he sent an expedition to require the VOL. I.—9 130 DISCOVERY AND SETTLEMENT [1650 submission of the colony. An agreementwas made by which the authority of Parlia-ment was acknowledged, while the colonyin return was left unmolested in the management of its own Signature of Berkeley. CHAPTER V. PILGRIM AND PURITAN AT THE NORTH The Pilgrims who settled New Englandwere Independents, peculiar in their eccle-siastical tenet that the single congregationof godly persons, however few or humble,regularly organized for Christs work, is ofright, by divine appointment, the highestecclesiastical authority on earth. A churchof this order existed in London by 1568;another, possibly more than one, the Brownists, by 1580. Barrowe and Green-wood began a third in 1588, which, itsfounders being executed, went exiled toAmsterdam in 1593, subsequently unit-ing with the Presbyterians there. Thesechurches, though independent, were notstrictly democratic, like those next to benamed. Soon after 1600 John Smyth gathered a 132 DISCOVERY AND SETTLEMENT [1612 church at Gainsborough in Lincolnshire,England, which persecution likewise droveto Amsterdam. Here Smyth seceded andfounded
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