. American bee journal. Bee culture; Bees. 573 3 days did not cover 2 frames, while those wintered out, as above described, were strong and healthy, and emitted a sweet odor ; they did not dwindle, and gave the best returns this season of any bees I ever knew. Some have success with cellar winter- ing, but I find bees wintered out are stronger, tougher, and breed up earlier than those wintered in-doors. It is said that bees kept in cellars, in a healthy condition, void their feces in a perfectly dry state; but the conditions under which they must be kept are so particu- lar, that with the majo
. American bee journal. Bee culture; Bees. 573 3 days did not cover 2 frames, while those wintered out, as above described, were strong and healthy, and emitted a sweet odor ; they did not dwindle, and gave the best returns this season of any bees I ever knew. Some have success with cellar winter- ing, but I find bees wintered out are stronger, tougher, and breed up earlier than those wintered in-doors. It is said that bees kept in cellars, in a healthy condition, void their feces in a perfectly dry state; but the conditions under which they must be kept are so particu- lar, that with the majority it is not safe. Prof. Cook would leave his bees in the cellar until flowers appear ; this may do in countries where winters are short, but in Wisconsin I have lost several good colonies which were very quiet from Nov. 1st until April 10th, by leav- ing them until flowers appeared, April 18th, when all were dead. I consider that no upward ventilation is necessary, for impure air caused by exhalation of the bees will escape at the bottom ; being carbonic acid gas, it is heavier than air. Do not molest or jar hives in cold weather, as this disturbs the cluster, causing them to eat, and any excitement produces an undue heat, which rises in moisture and must be ta- ken up. During several weeks of pro- tracted cold, frost will collect on the outer combs if not covered with bees, and when a thaw comes, if the entrance be not opened wide, this dampness will kill the bees. It is my belief that in cellar wintering brood-rearing kills the bees. I shall, therefore, continue ex- periments the coming winter, giving pure honey sealed in June in the upper story, with not a particle of pollen in it. Whatever may be the result, I will re- port it for the benefit of science. Arcadia, Wis., Sept., 1880. Read at the naCrosse Convention. Bee Forage of Western Wisconsin. L. H. PAMMEL, JR. A man's success in bee-keeping may be traced to the scientific management of the apiary, and the number of h
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