Mental development and education . he lines equally black and to the digestional organs, with indigestion and liver derange-ments, anorexia, etc. The truth that eye-strain induces thesefunctional gastric, intestinal, and biliary disorders cannot muchlonger be ignored. ^ Eye defects seem to manifest themselves especially duringadolescence. Many boys and girls realize now for the first timethat they have eyes. The explanation doubtless is that theorganism is devoting its strength during this i)crio(l mainly to Biographic Clinics, vol. T, pi>. 34-35. OVERSTRAIN IN EDUCATION 245 the
Mental development and education . he lines equally black and to the digestional organs, with indigestion and liver derange-ments, anorexia, etc. The truth that eye-strain induces thesefunctional gastric, intestinal, and biliary disorders cannot muchlonger be ignored. ^ Eye defects seem to manifest themselves especially duringadolescence. Many boys and girls realize now for the first timethat they have eyes. The explanation doubtless is that theorganism is devoting its strength during this i)crio(l mainly to Biographic Clinics, vol. T, pi>. 34-35. OVERSTRAIN IN EDUCATION 245 the building of heart, lungs and bones, and there is not enoughleft to expend in disciplining refractory eyes. In sickness peoplebecome conscious of eye-strain that they have not noticed before,and of which they are never really aware except when the ener-gies of the organism are at a low ebb. Swift observed this phe-nomenon frequently in his study of vision in the pupils of thenormal school at Stevens Point, Wisconsin. An interesting. Fig. 55. — Showing astigmatism. A person whohas astigmatism is likely to see some lines moredistinct than others. In this case the distinct linesare VI and XII. In other astigmatic eyes any ofthe other lines may be more distinct. Fig. 56. — A shortsighted astig-matic eye. The rays of light arefocused at diiTerent distances infront of the retina. This meansthat the individual sees more clearlyin some meridians than in others,though vision is blurred in allmeridians. fact, he says, though by no means a new one, was repeatedlyobserved. Young boys and girls, with more defect than someolder ones, had never experienced any trouble with their eyes,while the older ones, with much less defect, were constantlyannoyed with eye ache, or the blurring of the letters. The differ-ence was that the vigorous nervous system of the young boysand girls was able to sustain the irritation of the poorly con-structed eye, and by an oversupply of nerve force, could compel
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