Electrical news and engineering . s unsatisfactory as not only did the component partswear away unevenly but the losses due to stump ends, whiclihad to be thrown away, were high. However, owing to the progress that has been recentlymade in the manufacture of carbon electrodes of large sec-tion it is now possible to obtain cylindrical electrodes diameter by 3000 long. The specific resistanceof these is less than of the older electrodes, so that thesame current can be carried by an electrode of somewhatsinaller area. These cylindrical electrodes are fitted witli screw jointswhich en
Electrical news and engineering . s unsatisfactory as not only did the component partswear away unevenly but the losses due to stump ends, whiclihad to be thrown away, were high. However, owing to the progress that has been recentlymade in the manufacture of carbon electrodes of large sec-tion it is now possible to obtain cylindrical electrodes diameter by 3000 long. The specific resistanceof these is less than of the older electrodes, so that thesame current can be carried by an electrode of somewhatsinaller area. These cylindrical electrodes are fitted witli screw jointswhich enable a new electrode to be screwed on to thestump of an old one, whilst the latter is in the this way there is no loss due to stump ends, which losshad in the earlier work amounted to nearly 50 per cent, ofthe gross electrode consumption. The joint between the old and new electrodes gives agood electrical contact and it is said that no heating oc-curs at the joint. A further advantage of this new type of electrode lies. rent had to traverse the wlujle length of the carbon beforereaching the charge in the furnace. Now, however, theconnection is made by a water cooled copper ring whichgrijis the electrode just above the point where it enters theroof. In this way the distance which the current has totravel is always at a minimum, and not only is the lengthof carbon traversed by the current a great deal shorter,Init its temperature is higher and consequently its resistanceconsiderably less than that of the cold electrode. It will be remembered that the gas produced by the re-duction of the charge was taken and, after passing through
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