. Collected reprints / Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories [and] Pacific Oceanographic Laboratories. Oceanography and associated metals (tungsten, bismuth, fluoride, and molybdenum) from granite in overlying continental crust (Mitchell and Garson, 1972; Stern and Wylie, 1973; Oyarzun and Frutos, 1974). The tin and associated metals in eastern Asia and the various metal deposits in eastern Australia may have been deposited above former Benioff zones of shallow inclination adjacent to the continental margins related to relatively fast plate convergence. Sub- sequ
. Collected reprints / Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratories [and] Pacific Oceanographic Laboratories. Oceanography and associated metals (tungsten, bismuth, fluoride, and molybdenum) from granite in overlying continental crust (Mitchell and Garson, 1972; Stern and Wylie, 1973; Oyarzun and Frutos, 1974). The tin and associated metals in eastern Asia and the various metal deposits in eastern Australia may have been deposited above former Benioff zones of shallow inclination adjacent to the continental margins related to relatively fast plate convergence. Sub- sequent increase in inclination of the Benioff zones related to relatively slow plate convergence has resulted in the seaward migration of the Benioff zones as a consequence of the growth of marginal basins (Fig. 10), leaving the ob- served gap between the deposits of the continental margins and active con- vergent plate boundaries of the western Pacific (Mitchell, 1973). Convergent plate boundaries are the loci of a multiplicity of interacting geologic processes that are difficult to differentiate. The models incorporate different processes to explain the factors that control the locations of ore deposits along the convergent plate boundaries of the Pacific region: (1) deep processes: variations in sources of metals, physico-chemical mecha- nisms, magmatic processes, seismic activity, rate and inclination of litho- spheric descent, and geologic structure associated with subduction along Benioff zones (Krauskopf, 1967; James, 1971; Sawkins, 1972; Sillitoe, 1972a, 1974; Mitchell, 1973); (2) shallow processes: regional and local vol- canism, magmatic processes, hydrothermal activity, geologic deformation and structure of circum-Pacific mountain belts and island arcs (Minato et al., 1965; Hollister, 1973; Solomon, 1974). The models of metallogenesis at con- vergent plate boundaries are becoming more complex as factors are added to successively approximate the actual deposits. The mode
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