Diagnostic methods, chemical, bacteriological and microscopical : a text-book for students and practitioners . the excess of the dye. The spirochsete appear of a violetcolor. This violet tint may be changed to a bluish-black by covering thespecimen with Grams iodin solution for 15 to 20 seconds, after which it iswashed and dried as usual and the examination made with the immersionlens. The writer has also found the use of the Giemsa stain very reliable,especially when the staining is continued for 18 hours (see Exudates). Otherstains, such as that of Levaditi, have been advocated, but they do
Diagnostic methods, chemical, bacteriological and microscopical : a text-book for students and practitioners . the excess of the dye. The spirochsete appear of a violetcolor. This violet tint may be changed to a bluish-black by covering thespecimen with Grams iodin solution for 15 to 20 seconds, after which it iswashed and dried as usual and the examination made with the immersionlens. The writer has also found the use of the Giemsa stain very reliable,especially when the staining is continued for 18 hours (see Exudates). Otherstains, such as that of Levaditi, have been advocated, but they do not seem to THE BLOOD. 555 give any better results and are more complicated. For staining the spirochaetein tissues the Levaditi stain is admirable. The examination of the blood is very often disappointing, owing to the factthat few spirochaete may be present in the specimen. Better results are obtainedby examination of specimens from a curettage which has been carried sufl&cientlyfar to allow serum to appear. This serous fluid is then spread upon slidesand treated in the usual manner (see Exudates).. Fig. 149.—Ultra-condenser of Reichert. Wassermanns Serum Reaction. Much interest has been aroused by the application of certain principlesof serum pathology to the diagnosis of syphilis. The writer cannot go intogreat detail in this discussion and must refer the reader to other works for fullaccounts. The terms used will be found in the section on Ehrlichs Side-chain Theory. The discovery by Klebs, Metschnikoff and Rouxthat syphilis could be trans-mitted to monkeys, coupled with the work of Wassermann, Bruck, and Neissershowing that the serum of these syphilitic apes contained a material, an antibody,which was not found in normal serum, led the way for the application of anearlier line of investigation; that is, Bordet and Gengou had shown thatemulsions of bacteria, when mixed with inactivated serum with the additionof complement, did not cause hemolysis in the presence of the h
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