. The dawn of civilization: Egypt and Chaldaea . IV1 dynasty (Gladstone, Oh MetallicCopper, Tin, and Antimony from Ancient Egypt, in the Proceedings of the Biblical ArchxologicalSociety, 1891-92, pp. 223-226) : pieces of iron have been found from time to time in the masonryof the Great Pyramid (Vyse, Pyramids of Gizeh, vol. i. pp. 275, 276 ; St. John Vincent Day,Examination of the Fragment of Iron from the Great Pyramid of Gizeh, in the Transactions of theInternational Congress of Orientalists, 1874, pp. 396-399; Maspero, Guide du visiteur, p. 296, andBulletin de la Societe danthropologie, 188
. The dawn of civilization: Egypt and Chaldaea . IV1 dynasty (Gladstone, Oh MetallicCopper, Tin, and Antimony from Ancient Egypt, in the Proceedings of the Biblical ArchxologicalSociety, 1891-92, pp. 223-226) : pieces of iron have been found from time to time in the masonryof the Great Pyramid (Vyse, Pyramids of Gizeh, vol. i. pp. 275, 276 ; St. John Vincent Day,Examination of the Fragment of Iron from the Great Pyramid of Gizeh, in the Transactions of theInternational Congress of Orientalists, 1874, pp. 396-399; Maspero, Guide du visiteur, p. 296, andBulletin de la Societe danthropologie, 1883, p. 813, et seq.). Mons. Montelius has again and againcontested the authenticity of these discoveries, and he thinks that iron was not known in Egypt tilla much later period {LAge du bronze en Egypte, in the Anthropologie, vol. i. p. 30, et seq.). * Drawn by Faucher-Gudin, from a painting in the tomb of Khnumbotpû at Beni-Hasan.(Champollion, Monuments de lÉgypte, pl. ccc. ; Rosellini, Monumenti Ciuili, pi. cxvii. 3). 60 THE NILE AND rank of a chieftain,1 while the crook and the wooden-handled mace, withits head of white stone, the favourite weapons of princes, continued to the last the most revered insigniaof Life was passed in com-parative ease and pleasure. Ofthe ponds left in the open country by the river at its fall, somedried up more or less quickly during the winter, leaving on thesoil an immense quantity of fish, the possession of which birds aud wild beasts disputed with Other pools, how-ever, remained till the returning inundation, asso many vivaria in which the fish were preservedfor dwellers on the banks. Fishing with the har-poon, with the line, with a net, with traps—all âmethods of fishing were known and used by the^ Egyptians from early times. Where the pondsfailed, the neighbouring Nile furnished them withinexhaustible supplies. Standing in light canoes,or rather supported by a plank on bundles ofreeds bound together,6 they venture
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