. Chile today and tomorrow . bidding the Spanish Americancolonies to trade with each other were relaxed byCharles III, and the effect of this is illustrated by thefigures of Spanish merchant shipping sailing for theAmericas in 1778, the year of the erection of a Viceroy-alty in Buenos Aires, the fourth of Spanish America;no less than 170 vessels sailed, as against twelve tofifteen in the days of the yearly fleet of jealously hcensedvessels. In 1785 there was further relaxation, all the ports ofSpain and all the ports of Spanish America being al-lowed to trade mutually, and as other proof of li
. Chile today and tomorrow . bidding the Spanish Americancolonies to trade with each other were relaxed byCharles III, and the effect of this is illustrated by thefigures of Spanish merchant shipping sailing for theAmericas in 1778, the year of the erection of a Viceroy-alty in Buenos Aires, the fourth of Spanish America;no less than 170 vessels sailed, as against twelve tofifteen in the days of the yearly fleet of jealously hcensedvessels. In 1785 there was further relaxation, all the ports ofSpain and all the ports of Spanish America being al-lowed to trade mutually, and as other proof of liberalideas there came, in 1788, the appointment of AmbroseOHiggins as Governor of Chile. This excellent organ-iser was born in Ireland, in County Sligo, and spentpart of his barefoot youth in running errands for thegreat folk of his native village; he went as a youth toSpain, enlisting in the Spanish army, as many adven-turous Irish did about this time, and later made his wayto the Spanish American colonies. He distinguished. CHILEAN HISTORY 43 himself in the Araucanian wars, was made a colonel,and in 1788 was nominated to the Chilean captain-generalship by Teodoro de Croix, the Viceroy of Peru,a native of Lille. The name of Ambrose OHiggins isas much respected in Chile today as that of his son,Bernardo, born in Chilian, who became Supreme Direc-tor during the early days of Chilean independence. Governor OHiggins called the Parliament of Negretewith the Araucanians, and set about the improvementof Chile; found and rebuilt the ruins of Osorno fort,and made a road from Osorno to Valdivia; anotherhighway from Valparaiso to Santiago; and a third fromSantiago to Mendoza. He constructed bridges, nota-bly over the turbulent Mapocho River, and his goodChilean work only ceased when he was created Viceroyof Peru, with the title of Marquis of Osorno. Heremained in that post until his death in 1801. A spurtin town foundation during the eighteenth century alsobears witness to the growing pr
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