Parks and park engineering . r-tain park lands. They are used to support arch abutmentsand masonry retaining walls. MASONRY WALLS AND STEPS Retaining Walls. One of the most important of thepractical matters to be attended to is the excavation forthe foundation. It is not necessary that the foundationshould extend down to the bottom of frost. The heavingeffect of frost can be entirely eliminated by digging down1\ feet below the finished grade. The foundation pit should be excavated true with ampleroom on the front side for the construction of a good squaretoe. Skimping on the front side of the
Parks and park engineering . r-tain park lands. They are used to support arch abutmentsand masonry retaining walls. MASONRY WALLS AND STEPS Retaining Walls. One of the most important of thepractical matters to be attended to is the excavation forthe foundation. It is not necessary that the foundationshould extend down to the bottom of frost. The heavingeffect of frost can be entirely eliminated by digging down1\ feet below the finished grade. The foundation pit should be excavated true with ampleroom on the front side for the construction of a good squaretoe. Skimping on the front side of the foundation hasresulted in the failure of many retaining walls. Walls for shore protection should be founded on goodsoil. The use of spud piles is not in general to be recom-mended. It is better to excavate to a hard reason for this lies in the fact that excavation in frontof a shore wall or sea wall permits fine sands, liver and quick-sands to flow away from under the foundation,thus endangering its o WATER PIPES HI The neat lines for retaining walls are obtained bysetting A-frames in position by the help of a transitso that the neat line on top of the footing and the neatline under the coping can be located by stretching stringsfrom frame to frame or else from a frame to the finishedwall. In order to secure a perfectly straight coping, especiallyin long walls along city streets, it is suggested that a tran-sit line be established on top of the wall before the copingis placed, say 2 inches back from the neat line. This linecan be marked by crow-feet every 25 feet. Retaining walls at the foot of a slope are separated fromit by a swale gutter. The coping is so designed as to throwthe water falling on it backward into the gutter, where it iscollected by catch-basins or inlets. The matter of pointing is very important. The jointsshould be thoroughly raked to a depth of at least 1| inchesbefore the pointing mortar is applied. Depressed jointspressed in wit
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1900, bookdecade1910, bookpublishere, booksubjectparks
