. Animal Ecology. Animal ecology. Hioseres may occur on a small scale in microhabi- tats as well as in major ones. When hay infusions, prepared in the laboratory, are seeded with repre- sentative protozoans, the order of appearance of maximum or peak fwpulations in the various species is bacteria and monads, Colpoda. hypotrichates, Paramecium. I'orticcUa. and Amoeba. Disappear- ance of species is in the same order, except that Amoeba precede Paramecium and I'orticcUa. Algae may come in at the tinal stage, so that a more or less balanced community is established. The succession of species appea
. Animal Ecology. Animal ecology. Hioseres may occur on a small scale in microhabi- tats as well as in major ones. When hay infusions, prepared in the laboratory, are seeded with repre- sentative protozoans, the order of appearance of maximum or peak fwpulations in the various species is bacteria and monads, Colpoda. hypotrichates, Paramecium. I'orticcUa. and Amoeba. Disappear- ance of species is in the same order, except that Amoeba precede Paramecium and I'orticcUa. Algae may come in at the tinal stage, so that a more or less balanced community is established. The succession of species appears a result of the higher reproductive rate of earlier species, and to the fact that the excreta of at least some forms, especially the hypotrichates and Paramecium, are toxic to them (WoodruiT 1912, 1913, Eddy 1928). Another common microsere occurs in the death and decay of trees (Graham 1925, Ingles 1931, Savely 1939). The sequence of animal species pres- ent as decay progresses depends on the species of tree, the community in which the tree occurs, the climate, and the geographic locality. The following stages have been recognized: 1) tree dying, but still with leaves and sap; 2) tree recently dead, bark beginning to loosen, termites and other insects boring into wood: 3) wood well seasoned, bark very loose or off. wood borers still predominant; 4) wood softened and permeated with fungus: fungus beetles, elaterids, and IKissalids common; 5) wood largely disintegrated and crumbly, snails and millipedes, occur. Wilson (1959), working in New Guinea rain forests, sub- divides stages Z--' in a difTerent manner, each of which he names after characteristic insects found: 2) scolytid, 3) cucujid, 4) zora])teran, 5) passalid, and 6) staphylinid. Each stage also has a significantly different aggregation of resident ants. I'-ventualiy the decaying log becomes a part of the forest floor, and the animal species then present are those in general occurrence. Climatic succession With change
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