. History of Rome and the Popes in the Middle Ages . h of Peter over both the East and theWest. The Bishop of Rome, as a fact, is also a Patriarch, and hisPatriarchate comprises the whole of the West. In this vast fieldno one but himself holds the rank of Patriarch. One could bettersay that the bishop of Rome, besides the supremacy which heholds over the whole Church, exercises a closer supervision overthe bishops in the West, similar to that acquired by the EasternPatriarchs over their own provinces. There exists something similar between the bishopric of Romeand the metropolitanship of Italy
. History of Rome and the Popes in the Middle Ages . h of Peter over both the East and theWest. The Bishop of Rome, as a fact, is also a Patriarch, and hisPatriarchate comprises the whole of the West. In this vast fieldno one but himself holds the rank of Patriarch. One could bettersay that the bishop of Rome, besides the supremacy which heholds over the whole Church, exercises a closer supervision overthe bishops in the West, similar to that acquired by the EasternPatriarchs over their own provinces. There exists something similar between the bishopric of Romeand the metropolitanship of Italy. Though the Pope is Primateof the whole Church, he governs, as Bishop, only the city of the same way he directs, as Metropolitan or Archbishop, onlycertain dioceses of Italy, such as are not under other Archbishops,but belong to the Roman province. Thus, taking his titles in the ascending order, the Pope is, 1 Concil. Nicaen., can. 6 : koX 4u reus AMcus iwapxia-is fa 7rpecr/3e?a <ju£e< reus e/c/cX?;-o-iW. Cp. Hefele, i, 389 M 23 J^ ] THE POPE AS PATRIARCH 343 first, Bishop of Rome, then one of several Italian Metropolitans,then Patriarch of the West, and, finally, Primate of the The usual title assumed by the Popes was always thus find them immortalised in their earliest inscriptions, andwith this word episcopus the name of Pope Damasus, too, comesprominently before us in the Catacombs on the marble tablets,which remind us of the work he undertook for their adornment(111. 79)-2 These various dignities, one differing from the other in theirsphere of action, continued to assert themselves throughout theearlier period of Church-history. The patriarchal dignity ofRome, especially, was so well known that the Council of Nicaeacould quote it in confirming the rights of the Eastern , generally speaking, the four orifices were so closely inter-woven that they arc scarcely ever mentioned apart; in fact, wehave no right
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