. The Canadian field-naturalist. Natural history; Sciences naturelles. 2005 Catling: Black Pine and Mugo Pine in Ontario 225. Figure 1. A ten-year-old Black Pine (Pinus nigra) spread from a 30-year-old roadside planting along highway 7 in Hastings County, Ontario, Canada. Photo by P. M. Catling. northeastern North America, and both could be con- fused with Black Pine but are not included in available keys. A continuing assessment of the impact of these two alien pines in Ontario is desirable since they are current- ly being planted widely in North America. For example several million trees of
. The Canadian field-naturalist. Natural history; Sciences naturelles. 2005 Catling: Black Pine and Mugo Pine in Ontario 225. Figure 1. A ten-year-old Black Pine (Pinus nigra) spread from a 30-year-old roadside planting along highway 7 in Hastings County, Ontario, Canada. Photo by P. M. Catling. northeastern North America, and both could be con- fused with Black Pine but are not included in available keys. A continuing assessment of the impact of these two alien pines in Ontario is desirable since they are current- ly being planted widely in North America. For example several million trees of Black Pine are produced annually in the United States (van Havenbeke 2002*). Assessment of impact is dependent upon a better under- standing of both status and identification. The follow- ing work addresses these needs. Methods Literature on Black and Mugo Pines was reviewed in order to place occurrence and status within Ontario in a global context, and to provide information for identification. An identification key was prepared based on published studies and examination of specimens. Locations in Ontario where young trees of Black Pine and Mugo Pine were growing near older plantings were recorded. Voucher specimens were collected and deposited in the Agriculture and Agri-Food Herbarium (DAO) in Ottawa. Curators of various herbaria with significant On- tario collections including CAN, DAO, HAM, OAC, QK, TRT, TRTE, UWO, and WAT (acronyms from Holmgren et al. 1990), were contacted with a request to examine their holdings and databases for informa- tion on Black Pine spreading from cultivation. Field botanists and natural resource biologists were also contacted to find out if they had observed escaping Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club. Ottawa, Ottawa
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