. Railroad construction, theory and practice; a text-book for the use of students in colleges and technical schools . PROPOSED SECTION OF ROADBED ON Fig. 46.— Whittemore on Railway Excavation and EmbankmentsTraos. Am. See. C. E., Sept. 1894. R. R. The customary sections represent what is, with somevariations of detail, the practice of many railroads. The ^ pro- * Trans. Am. Soc. Civil Eng., Sept. 1894. 112 RAILROAD CONSTRUCTION. §96. posed sections* elicited unanimous approval. They should beadopted when not prohibited by financial considerations. EARTHWORK SURVEYS. 96. Relation o


. Railroad construction, theory and practice; a text-book for the use of students in colleges and technical schools . PROPOSED SECTION OF ROADBED ON Fig. 46.— Whittemore on Railway Excavation and EmbankmentsTraos. Am. See. C. E., Sept. 1894. R. R. The customary sections represent what is, with somevariations of detail, the practice of many railroads. The ^ pro- * Trans. Am. Soc. Civil Eng., Sept. 1894. 112 RAILROAD CONSTRUCTION. §96. posed sections* elicited unanimous approval. They should beadopted when not prohibited by financial considerations. EARTHWORK SURVEYS. 96. Relation of actual volume to the numerical result. It should be realized at the outset that the accuracy of the resultof computations of the volume of any given mass of earthworkhas but little relation to the accuracy of the mere numericalwork. The process of obtaining the volume consists of twodistinct parts. In the first place it is assumed that the volumeof the earthwork may be represented b}^ a more or less com-plicated geometrical form, and then, secondly, the volume ofsuch a geometrical form is computed. A desire for simplicity(or a frank willingness to ac


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