Scientific amusements . l, and heating them in an iron vapour condenses into globules in the receiver, whichis surrounded by ice in a wire basket. It must be collectedand kept in naphtha, or it would be oxidised. Potassiumwas first obtained by Sir Humphrey Davy in is the oxide of potassium, and comes from the ashes of wood. The compounds of potassium are numerous, and existin nature, and by burning plants we can obtain potash( pearlash ). Nitrate of potassium, or nitre (saltpetre), POTASSIUM. 129 (KNO3), is a very important salt. It is found in the EastIndies. It is a co
Scientific amusements . l, and heating them in an iron vapour condenses into globules in the receiver, whichis surrounded by ice in a wire basket. It must be collectedand kept in naphtha, or it would be oxidised. Potassiumwas first obtained by Sir Humphrey Davy in is the oxide of potassium, and comes from the ashes of wood. The compounds of potassium are numerous, and existin nature, and by burning plants we can obtain potash( pearlash ). Nitrate of potassium, or nitre (saltpetre), POTASSIUM. 129 (KNO3), is a very important salt. It is found in the EastIndies. It is a constituent of gunpowder, which consistsof seventy-five parts of nitre, fifteen of charcoal, and tenof sulphur. The hydrated oxide of potassium, or causticpotash (obtained from the carbonate), is much used insoap manufactories. It is called caustic from its pro-perty of cauterizing the tissues. Iodide, bromide, andcyanide of potassium, are used in medicine and is made by combining soda (for hard soap), or. Preparation of potassium. potash (for soft soap), with oil or tallow. Yellow soap hasturpentine, and occasionally palm oil, added. Oils andfats combine with metallic oxides, and oxide of lead witholive oil and resin forms the adhesive plaster with whichwe are all familiar vihen the mixture is spread upon boiled with potash or soda make soaps ; the glycerineis sometimes set free and purified as we have it. Some-times it is retained for glycerine soap. Fancy soap isonly common soap coloured. White and brown Windsorare the same soap—in the latter case browned to imitate 130 CHEMISTRY. age! Soap is quite soluble in spirits, but in ordinarywater it is not so greatly soluble, and produces a lather,owing to the lime in the water being present in more orless quantity, to make the water more or less hard. Sodium is not unlike potassium, not only in appear-ance, but in its attributes ; it can be obtained from thecarbonate, as potassium is obtained from its c
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