. The honey bee: a manual of instruction in apiculture. eggs or not as shewills at the time of depositing them. If fertilized they develop intoworkers or queens according to the character of the food given, thesize and shape of the cell, etc.; if unfertilized, into drones. The queenslife may extend over a period of four or five years, but three years isquite as long as any queen ought to be kept, unless a particularly valu-able one for breeding purposes and not easy to replace. Indeed, iffull advantage be taken of her laying powers it will rarely be foundprofitable to retain a queen longer tha
. The honey bee: a manual of instruction in apiculture. eggs or not as shewills at the time of depositing them. If fertilized they develop intoworkers or queens according to the character of the food given, thesize and shape of the cell, etc.; if unfertilized, into drones. The queenslife may extend over a period of four or five years, but three years isquite as long as any queen ought to be kept, unless a particularly valu-able one for breeding purposes and not easy to replace. Indeed, iffull advantage be taken of her laying powers it will rarely be foundprofitable to retain a queen longer than two years. Upon the workers, which are undeveloped females, devolves all thelabor of gathering honey, pollen, propolis, and bringing water, secret-ing wax, building combs, stopping up crevices in the hive, nursing thebrood, and defending the hives. To enable them to do all this theyare furnished with highly specialized organs. These will be more fullyreferred to in connection with the description of the products gatheredand prepared by the Fig. 6.—A, Head of queen, magnified ten times, showing smaller compound eyes at sides, and threoocelli on vertex of head; m, jaw notch. B, head of drone, magnified ten times, showing larger com-pound eyes at sides, with three ocelli between; n, jaw notch. (From Cheshire.) The drones, aside from contributing somewhat to the general warmthof the hive necessary to the development of the brood, seem to haveno other office but that connected with reproduction. In the wild statecolonies of bees are widely separated, being located wherever theswarms chance to have found hollow trees or rock cavities, hence theproduction of many drones has been provided for, so young queensflying out to mate will not run too many risks from bird and insectenemies, storms, etc. Mating in the hive would result in too continuousin-and-in breeding, producing loss of vigor. As we find it arranged, themost vigorous are the most likely to reproduce their speci
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