. The earth and its inhabitants ... Geography. 332 AUSTRALASIA. Fig. 142.—New Hebrides. Scale 1 : 9,500,000. volcanic origin, as is evident from the regular cones strewn with ashes and lavas, which occur in nearly all these Melanesian lands. According to Dana, the almost total absence of coralline reefs must be attributed to the activity of the igneous forces ; although lying between New Caledonia and Fiji, so rich in corals, neither Santa-Cruz nor the New Hebrides have a single atoll, and the only complete fringing reef is that which encircles the island of Vanikoro. Tinakoro, a northern memb
. The earth and its inhabitants ... Geography. 332 AUSTRALASIA. Fig. 142.—New Hebrides. Scale 1 : 9,500,000. volcanic origin, as is evident from the regular cones strewn with ashes and lavas, which occur in nearly all these Melanesian lands. According to Dana, the almost total absence of coralline reefs must be attributed to the activity of the igneous forces ; although lying between New Caledonia and Fiji, so rich in corals, neither Santa-Cruz nor the New Hebrides have a single atoll, and the only complete fringing reef is that which encircles the island of Vanikoro. Tinakoro, a northern member of the Santa- Cruz group, is in a constant state of eruption, while a volcano 1,870 feet high, in the islet of Urepara- para. Banks Archipelago, shows a breached crater facing north-east- wards and now flooded by the sea. Copious thermal springs well up on the shores of Yanua-Lava, in the same neighbourhood ; both the island of Ambrym (3,590 feet), in the centre of the New Hebrides, and the precipitous Mount Lopevi (5,000 feet), culminating point of that group, are active volcanoes, as is also the wooded Mount Yasova, in Tanna (Tanna Aiperi), near the southern extremity of the chain. Yapours, ashes, and lumps of lava are ejected from this crater at in- tervals of six or eight minutes, especially in the months of Jan- uary, February, and March. Port Resolution, an excellent harbour in Tanna, was filled up by an earth- quake in 1878. Submarine disturbances are of frequent occurrence in these waters, where vessels have occasionally to force their way through dense masses of floating pumice. Besides the still restless craters a number of other insular cones were formerly the scene of igneous convul- sions. Many places show indications of comparatively recent upheaval, and Ormières speaks of mangrove roots encrusted with shells lying some 40 feet above the present 0 to 1,000 Fathoms. Depths. 1,000 to 2,000 Fathoms. 2,000 Fathoms and upwards. 180 Please note
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Keywords: ., bookcentury1800, bookdecade1890, booksubjectgeography, bookyear18
