. The American fruit culturist, containing directions for the propagation and culture of all fruits adapted to the United States. Fruit-culture. PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF PRUNING. l°3 from the bud, well cut back at one year old, and with six to nine main branches, which form the framework or foundation, which is to give form and character to the future tree, with proper care and management. " The following cut (Fig. 145) will illustrate a two-year- old tree, as above described, its lower branches about one foot from the ground, its upper branches being the strongest and most upright, and
. The American fruit culturist, containing directions for the propagation and culture of all fruits adapted to the United States. Fruit-culture. PRINCIPLES AND PRACTICE OF PRUNING. l°3 from the bud, well cut back at one year old, and with six to nine main branches, which form the framework or foundation, which is to give form and character to the future tree, with proper care and management. " The following cut (Fig. 145) will illustrate a two-year- old tree, as above described, its lower branches about one foot from the ground, its upper branches being the strongest and most upright, and those below less vigorous and more hori- zontal. " The dotted lines indicate where the branches should be cut back at the time of planting. " In cutting a tree, with branches formed as above described, let the leader be cut down within four to six inches of the place where the one-year-old tree was cut off, and just above a good bud on the side of the tree, over the previous year's cut, thus keeping the leader in a perpendicular posi- tion over the original trunk or bottom of the tree. " If the side-branches are too horizon- tal, upper buds are left for their exten- sion ; if too upright, lower buds are left. Side direction may be given, if desirable, to fill wide spaces, in the same way. Cut the other branches at such a distance from the trunk, that the ends of all of them would form a pyramid, the base of which should not be over twelve to six- teen inches in diameter, and in smallish trees much less; thus the lowest branches will be left the longest; the object of which is to check the natural flow of sap to the upper branches and induce it to flow more forcibly to the lower ones, increas- ing the vigor and force of the latter as much as possible, which must be done at that time, or never. " Fig. 146 represents a two-year-old tree after it has been pruned at two years old, and made the third year's growth, and showing where it should be cut back at that
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