The Dominion of Canada . il, with both legislative and executive functions,assisted by an assembly elected by the people. Though the existence of these irresponsible councilscaused a certain amount of dissatisfaction in the Maritimeprovinces, there was less discontent than in Upper andLower Canada, because there was less obstruction to thewill of the people. In New Brunswick, especially,political feeling ran high, but this was restored by thegrant of revenues to the Assembly. Before 1840 the dualfunction of controlling justice and executive ability wastaken away from the Councils, and by 1848
The Dominion of Canada . il, with both legislative and executive functions,assisted by an assembly elected by the people. Though the existence of these irresponsible councilscaused a certain amount of dissatisfaction in the Maritimeprovinces, there was less discontent than in Upper andLower Canada, because there was less obstruction to thewill of the people. In New Brunswick, especially,political feeling ran high, but this was restored by thegrant of revenues to the Assembly. Before 1840 the dualfunction of controlling justice and executive ability wastaken away from the Councils, and by 1848 responsiblegovernment was established formally as it was in theprovince of Canada. Cape Breton, known in French history as the lieRoy ale, did not come into the power of England until1763 when it was annexed to Nova Scotia. In 1784 itwas given a special constitution with a governmentconsisting of a Lieutenant-Governor and council, andthis remained in force until, in 1820, it once more formedpart of Nova Scotia. 202 >*. RIGHTS GRANTED CANADA Prince Edward Island was detached from Nova Scotiain 1769, and became a province ruled by a Lieutenant-Governor and a combined executive and LegislativeCouncil. In 1773 the first assembly was elected. Re-sponsible government was not actually introduced until1850-51, when, after a long fight with absentee landlordsand an autocratic government, the Assembly obtainedfuU control of its public revenues and its local affairs. In reviewing the period of English rule which followedon the absolute monarchy of France, we find at the closeof the century 1763-1863, that the following politicalrights had been granted to Canada :— 1. The principles of religious equality and the preserva-tion to the French Canadians of their law and language. 2. The adoption of English criminal law in Lower aswell as Upper Canada. 3. The establishment of representative institutions inevery province. 4. Complete control granted to the provinces over alllocal revenues a
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