. Electric railway journal . and-rail bosses may be bosses are drilled to take a standard 2-in. pipe,2% in. outside diameter. Posts with panel bases can-not be arranged for hand railing. The standard postsare finished in dead black. The posts having paneled March 7, 1914.] ELECTRIC RAILWAY JOURNAL 549 bases are supplied with panels of slate with blackmarine finish. Two styles of pedestals are made, with ornamentalbases and with paneled bases suitable for mountingcontrol apparatus. Each of these styles is also madewith stationary top and with a swivel top which can beturned ab


. Electric railway journal . and-rail bosses may be bosses are drilled to take a standard 2-in. pipe,2% in. outside diameter. Posts with panel bases can-not be arranged for hand railing. The standard postsare finished in dead black. The posts having paneled March 7, 1914.] ELECTRIC RAILWAY JOURNAL 549 bases are supplied with panels of slate with blackmarine finish. Two styles of pedestals are made, with ornamentalbases and with paneled bases suitable for mountingcontrol apparatus. Each of these styles is also madewith stationary top and with a swivel top which can beturned about by means of a hand-wheel just above thebase. These instrument posts are manufactured by theWestinghouse Electric & Manufacturing Company. GRAPHIC METERS TWO-SECTION STEEL-BLADE SNOW SCRAPER USEDAT GRAND RAPIDS The Grand Rapids (Mich.) Railway has recently pur-chased from the Root Spring Scraper Company, Kala-mazoo, Mich., a new-style snow scraper which has beenapplied under the front and rear vestibules of one of its. Two-Section Steel-Blade Scraper in Use general utility cars. This scraper consists of a steelblade, 12 ft. long, divided into two sections and attachedto a shaft in a manner similar to that employed withthe Root spring scraper. The scraper blades and springmounting are supported on a plank by cast-steel hang-ers, and this in turn is installed under the vestibulesof the car at an angle of 45 deg. to the track. Theblades are raised to the clear or lowered to the operatingposition by means of an ordinary hand-brake wheel, dogand ratchet mechanism. This mechanism is the termi-nal of a chain which passes over a sprocket keyed tothe shaft which supports the scraper blades. By divid-ing these blades into two sections and lapping themwhere they join, the scraper is made to conform to thecrown in the paving, thus insuring the removal of snowto the ball of the rail. If the blades meet an obstruc-tion in the pavement, the supporting springs arebrought into action, allowi


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