. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. . THEORY AND FORMER INVESTIGATIONS. ^^ * I. General. It is not the purpose of the author to give here in any detail the development of the theory of the Zeeman effect or to summarize at length the many investigations which have led to the present state of knowledge regarding the phenomenon. Several such accounts have appeared in publications which are usually accessible. Among these may be mentioned the memoir of Cotton (r)* (1899), the chapter by Runge in Kayser's Handbiich der Spectroscopie (2) (1902), the detailed discussion by Voigt (3) (19
. Carnegie Institution of Washington publication. . THEORY AND FORMER INVESTIGATIONS. ^^ * I. General. It is not the purpose of the author to give here in any detail the development of the theory of the Zeeman effect or to summarize at length the many investigations which have led to the present state of knowledge regarding the phenomenon. Several such accounts have appeared in publications which are usually accessible. Among these may be mentioned the memoir of Cotton (r)* (1899), the chapter by Runge in Kayser's Handbiich der Spectroscopie (2) (1902), the detailed discussion by Voigt (3) (1908) in connection with the related optical phenomena, and the brief treatment by Lorentz (4) (1909) in his Columbia Lectures. Of these the second is by far the most complete, covering fully the historical devel- opment, methods of investigation, and the theory and spectroscopic results contained in the literature up to that time. For the purposes of the present paper, we shall consider the points in the theory which apply closely to the results of this investigation, and summarize the work of other investigators in so far as their results relate direct!}- to those of the present research. The later work on the Zeeman phenomenon has been concerned largely with the study of complex and unusual types of separation. It was shown during the earlier investigations by Zeeman (5), Michelson (6), Preston (7), Cornu (8), Becquerel and Deslandres (9), (10), Ames, Earhart and Reese (n), Reese (12) , and Kent (13) that a large proportion of the spectrum hnes of any of the elements that have been examined are split into more than three components. This involved an extension of the original theory of Lorentz, which satisfactorily explained the triplet separation, in which two components are given by the light vibrations in a plane perpendicular to the lines of magnetic force, these showing respectively a right- handed and a left-handed circular polarization, and a central component by the lig
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