. The anatomy of the domestic animals . Veterinary anatomy. 634 BLOOD-VASCULAR SYSTEM OF THE HORSE the trachea (right side), and the longus colli, and emerges from the thoracic cavity by passing through the space behind the first costo-transverse articulation.' In the thorax it gives off a small mediastinal branch (A. mediastini cranialis) to the mediastinum and the pericardium; also the first intercostal artery (A. intercostalis prima), a very small vessel which passes down in the first intercostal space. After leaving the thorax the artery passes upward and forward on the spinalis muscle and
. The anatomy of the domestic animals . Veterinary anatomy. 634 BLOOD-VASCULAR SYSTEM OF THE HORSE the trachea (right side), and the longus colli, and emerges from the thoracic cavity by passing through the space behind the first costo-transverse articulation.' In the thorax it gives off a small mediastinal branch (A. mediastini cranialis) to the mediastinum and the pericardium; also the first intercostal artery (A. intercostalis prima), a very small vessel which passes down in the first intercostal space. After leaving the thorax the artery passes upward and forward on the spinalis muscle and the lamellar part of the ligamentum nuchae, covered by the complexus. Its terminal branches anastomose with branches of the occipital and vertebral arteries in the region of the axis. Numerous collateral branches are detached to the lateral muscles of the neck, the ligamentum nuchse, and the skin, and anastomoses occur with the dorsal artery also. 3. The vertebral artery (A. vertebralis) arises from the brachial on the left side, the brachiocephalic on the right; it begins opposite the first intercostal space and passes upward and forward. On the left side it crosses the oesophagus, on the right, the trachea. Emerging from the thorax it passes between the longus colli medially and the scalenus laterally, under the transverse process of the seventh cervical vertebra, and continues along the neck through the series of foramina trans- versaria, between which it is covered by the intertransversales colli.^ Emerging Branches of occipital artery Vertebral artery. Fig. 555.—Vertebral Artery of Horse. (After Schmaltz, Atlas d. Anat. d. Pferdes.) from the foramen of the axis, it crosses the capsule of the atlanto-axial joint, and joins the recurrent branch of the occipital artery under cover of the obliquus capitis posterior. At each intervertebral foramen a spinal branch (Ramus spinalis) is given off which enters the vertebral canal and reinforces the ventral spinal artery. It also
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