. Electric railway journal . drilling, or to the installation ofbonds of proper design on poorly maintained rails. Ex-cessive movement causes breakage, but it is necessaryto protect the bonds from theft, and so they must beplaced under the plates. The strands of some bonds are broken soon afterinstallation, because although the bonds have beensuitably designed for normal conditions they are usedon installations where the bond holes cannot be drilledthe proper distance apart, and as a result the bondshave to be squeezed into all sorts of queer shapesto make them fit into the space assigned to t
. Electric railway journal . drilling, or to the installation ofbonds of proper design on poorly maintained rails. Ex-cessive movement causes breakage, but it is necessaryto protect the bonds from theft, and so they must beplaced under the plates. The strands of some bonds are broken soon afterinstallation, because although the bonds have beensuitably designed for normal conditions they are usedon installations where the bond holes cannot be drilledthe proper distance apart, and as a result the bondshave to be squeezed into all sorts of queer shapesto make them fit into the space assigned to accompanying illustration shows one such installa-tion where, on account of its temporary nature, itwas not thought worth while to purchase bonds of theright length, but instead those that were in stock wereused. The great trouble, however, has not been with theconductors connecting the two terminals of the bond norwith the terminals themselves, but rather with thedeterioration of the contact between the terminals and. ROTART CONVERTERON CAR the rails. The most inti-mate contacts are obtainedby fusing or welding theterminals to the rail. Thisresults in what is practi-cally an alloy of the twometals where they toucheach other and an attach-ment is produced which isalmost impossible to sepa-rate. If the bond is pulledaway from the rail it willbe damaged and part ifnot all of the terminalwill be left adhering tothe rail. Such a connection wouldappear, at first thought, tobe the ideal one, but, like all other methods of bonding,it is not perfect, although for much work it is morenearly perfect than any of the other forms. In thefirst place the equipment required to install the bondsis much more bulky than that needed for any of theother bonding processes. The class of labor representedby the bonders must be at least as high and preferablyhigher than that required for the installation of thesoldered bonds and much higher than that needed forputting on the expanded terminal bo
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