. The natural history of the farm : a guide to the practical study of the sources of our living in wild nature . Natural history. THE POPULATION OF AN OLD APPLE TREE 305 works in the flesh of the apple, its location being marked by a conspicuous surface scar. The apple-maggot works also in the flesh, burrowing through it in all directions, and leav- ing discolored streaks from which rotting proceeds. Then there are beetles, whose larvae are borers, the most injurious of which work beneath the bark of young trees at the surface of the ground, more or less completely girdling the trees. Two or t
. The natural history of the farm : a guide to the practical study of the sources of our living in wild nature . Natural history. THE POPULATION OF AN OLD APPLE TREE 305 works in the flesh of the apple, its location being marked by a conspicuous surface scar. The apple-maggot works also in the flesh, burrowing through it in all directions, and leav- ing discolored streaks from which rotting proceeds. Then there are beetles, whose larvae are borers, the most injurious of which work beneath the bark of young trees at the surface of the ground, more or less completely girdling the trees. Two or three of these burrows may kill a large tree. These illustrate the appalling harm that may come from a small wound in a critical place; these cut off the tree-crown from its base of Fig. 132. A plant bug, its nymph, and a leaf-hopper. These are the worst of the apple pests. Others there are in plenty, that feed here and there, now and then. Plant bugs and leaf-hoppers are always present in some numbers among the foliage, feeding. And in an old tree, having much dead wood present, there are sure to be found wood-destroy- ing beetles of most of the sorts mentioned in Study 24. And each and every one of these species has its enemies and its train of parasites. The apple tree is useful to us, but it is necessary to many lesser creatures, for it furnishes all their living. It is the center of a considerable population, .the inter-relations of which are of infinite complexity. There is no living thing that either lives or dies unto itself Please note that these images are extracted from scanned page images that may have been digitally enhanced for readability - coloration and appearance of these illustrations may not perfectly resemble the original Needham, James G. (James George), 1868-1956. New York : Comstock Pub. Co
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